AP Biology- Macromolecules 2 Flashcards

7846952987	nonpolar	electrons shared equally	0
7846952988	polar	electrons shared unequally	1
7846952991	dehydration synthesis	condensation; joining compounds together with water released	2
7846952992	hydrolysis	breakdown of a compound by adding water	3
7846952993	polysaccharide	polymers of carbohydrates	4
7846952994	cellulose	structural polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls	5
7846952995	starch	storage polysaccharide found in plants	6
7846952996	fatty acid	hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end; majority portion in lipids	7
7846952997	saturated fat	fat without double bonds	8
7846952998	unsaturated fat	fat with double bonds	9
7846952999	peptide bond	bond creating amino acid chains or polymers	10
7846953000	primary structure	linear sequence of amino acids; peptide bonds	11
7846953001	secondary structure	protein formed with hydrogen bonds	12
7846953002	tertiary structure	3D conformation formed; determines specificity	13
7846953003	quaternary structure	protein with more than one polypeptide chain	14
7846953004	alpha helix	secondary structure form of a protein; human hair (keratin)	15
7846953005	beta pleated sheet	secondary structure form of a protein; spider webs and silk	16
7846953006	functional group	components of organic molecules most often involved in chemical reactions	17
7846953007	metabolism	sum of all chemical reactions that take place in cell	18
7846953008	cohesion	capacity to resist tension to rupture	19
7846953009	polymer	long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together	20
7846953010	monomer	building block for polymers; only made by producers	21
7846953011	adhesion	attraction between different kinds of molecules	22
7846953012	surface tension	measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid	23
7846953013	evaporative cooling / heat of vaporization	property of a liquid where the surface becomes cooler during evaporation due to the loss of molecules	24
7846953014	disulfide bridge	tertiary structure; strong covalent bond formed when one sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another	25
7846953015	hydrophobic interaction	tertiary structure; weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water change to exclude the water	26
7846953016	hydrocarbon	organic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon	27
7846953017	macromolecule	giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules	28
7846953018	glycosodic linkage	covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration synthesis reaction	29
7846953019	nucleotide	building block of a nucleic acid; five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogen base and a phosphate group	30
7846953020	pyramidine	cytosine, thymine, and uracil; six-membered ring	31
7846953021	purine	adenine and guanine; six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring	32
7846953022	hydroxyl	hydrogen bonded to oxygen bonded to an organic molecule's carbon skeleton; alcohol; polar	33
7846953023	carboxyl	oxygen double bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to a hydroxyl group	34
7846953024	amine	nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and to the carbon skeleton	35
7846953025	sulfhydryl	sulfur bonded to hydrogen in roughly the shape of a hydroxyl; cysteine	36
7846953026	phosphate	phosphorous bonded to four oxygens, two have negative charges, one is bonded to the carbon skeleton; phospholipid	37
7846953027	compartmentalization	membrane enclosed regions that allow a eukaryotic cell to increase surface area and have specialized regions for chemical reactions.	38
7846953028	passive transport	movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input	39
7846953029	active transport	movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration in the direction against some gradient	40
7846953030	endocytosis	form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell (endo- + cytosis) by engulfing them in an energy-using process.	41
7846953031	exocytosis	a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.	42
7846953032	surface area	The measurement of the outer surface of an object.	43
7846953033	volume	Amount of space occupied by an object	44
7846953034	water potential	The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure.	45
7846953035	osmosis	Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane	46