AP- Biology - Enzymes Flashcards

7848535770	chemical reaction	A process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.	0
7848535771	reactants	compounds that enter into a chemical reaction	1
7848535772	product	compounds produced by a chemical reaction.	2
7848535773	enzyme	biological catalysts usually globular that speed up the rate of chemical reactions	3
7848535774	coenzyme	A non protein organic molecule serving to modify the active site of an enzyme before the reaction is allowed to occur. Most vitamins function important metabolic reactions in this role.	4
7848535775	Competitive inhibition	substance that resembles the normal substrate competes with the substrate for the active site	5
7848535776	Noncompetitive inhibitor	a chemical that binds to an enzyme but not in the active site. This chemical will change the shape of the enzyme (reversible)	6
7848535777	substrate	the substance an enzyme catalyzes, changes.	7
7848535778	active site	the location on the enzyme where the substrate binds and goes through a chemical reaction.	8
7848535779	exothermic reaction	a chemical reaction where energy is given off, so that the products have less energy than the reactants.	9
7848535780	endothermic reaction	a chemical reaction where energy is taken in, so that the products have more energy than the reactants.	10
7848535781	activation energy	Eₐ is the abbreviation used for the energy required to start a reaction.	11
7848535782	sucrase	An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose	12
7848535783	Catalase	an enzyme found in most aerobic organisms that breaks down H2O2 to water and oxygen	13
7848535784	amylase	Enzyme that can break the bonds of starch to form the carbohydrate monomer, glucose.	14
7848535785	lipase	Enzyme that can break the bonds of lipids to form the monomer, fatty acids.	15
7848535786	protease	Enzyme that can break the polypeptide bonds of proteins to form the monomer, amino acids.	16
7848535787	nuclease	Enzyme that can break the bonds of nucleic acids to form monomer, nucleotides	17
7848535788	activated complex	the structure that is made up of the substrate bonded to the active site of the enzyme.	18
7848535789	lock and key hypothesis	The substrate fits the active site of the enzyme like a key fits in a lock. There is no change to the shape of the enzyme or substrate.	19
7848535790	induced fit hypothesis	The active site of the enzyme is flexible and conforms to fit the substrate like a glove fits on a hand.	20
7848535791	Denature	Characteristic of proteins; a change in shape that stops the protein from functioning.	21
7848535792	Allosteric	__________ regulation of enzyme occurs when a molecule binds to an enzyme changing the protein's shape	22
7848535793	Catalyst	______ an agent that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being permanently altered	23
7848535794	G	An exergonic reaction releases free energy. The abbreviation for free energy is: Named after the American Scientist Josiah Gibbs	24
7848535795	Transition State	The less stable state that occurs and is usually a high-energy state between reactants and products in a chemical reaction	25
7848535796	Inducing Strain	The enzyme cause bonds in the substrate to stretch	26
7848535797	Substrate orientation	When Enzyme bring together specific atoms into a correct position that are otherwise rotating and tumbling so that bonds can form	27
7848535798	Side chain (R group)	the part of the enzyme that can add H+ ions to or from substrate destabilizing covalent bonds	28
7848535799	Metal	__________ ions such as Copper, Zinc iron bind to certain enzymes to initiated chemical reactions.	29
7848535800	Heme	Organic molecules with iron an iron cofactor (A Prosthetic Group) that are permanently bond to enzyme responsible Oxygen transport	30
7848535801	Irreversible Inhibition	When an enzyme inhibitor that covalently binds to the amino acid side chain at the active site of an enzyme it is called _______________	31
7848535802	Reversible Inhibition	When an enzyme inhibitor binds is similar to the substate and non-covalently bind to the active site and there slows down the enzyme	32
7848535803	Protein Kinases	enzymes that reversibly activate or inactivate other proteins by adding phosphate groups to (phosphorylating) them	33
7848535804	Activator	A non-covalent binding regulator that can cause an enzyme to change shape and expose and expose an otherwise unexposed active site in allosteric regulation	34
7848535805	Shape	in Biology the prefix allo means "different" and stereos means "__________"	35
7848535806	Hydrogen	The specificity and activity of an enzyme depends on it 3D structure and this in turn depends on ______________ bonds	36
7848535807	hydrophobic	Changes in H+ ions (acidity) concentration can alter how _____________ some regions of protein are.	37
7848535808	pH	After looking at the graph the enzyme activity of the the three different enzymes is being regulated by what variable	38
7848535809	Temperature	After looking at the shape of graph the enzyme activity of this enzymes is being regulated by what variable:	39
7848535810	Substrate Concentration	After looking at the shape of graph the enzyme activity of this enzymes is being regulated by what variable:	40