AP Biology: Biochemistry Flashcards

7846067543	Polar Molecule	An asymmetrical molecule with a slight charge (dipole); that is hydrophilic (water loving) ex: water	0
7846067544	Hydrophilic	Water loving	1
7846067545	Nonpolar Molecule	A symmetrical or balanced molecule with no charge; hydrophobic (water fearing) ex: lipid	2
7846067546	Hydrophobic	Water fearing	3
7846067547	Properties of Water	Ice is less dense than water Very polar Strong H2 attractions High specific heat High heat of vaporization Universal solvent Strong cohesion property	4
7846067548	Cohesion	Attraction of water molecules to one another	5
7846067549	Adhesion	Attraction of water molecules to other substances	6
7846067550	pH	measure of acidity pH < 7 is acidic pH > 7 is basic pH = 7 is neutral acid = [H+] base = [OH-]	7
7846067551	Carbohydrates	Consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio Polymers of monosaccharides Function: quick energy Ex: glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose	8
7846067552	Lipids	Consists of chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Hydrophobic Function: energy storage, structure, steroids, hormones	9
7846067553	Steroid	Lipid made of 4 carbon rings	10
7846067554	Proteins	Consists of S, P, C, O, H, and N R-group is variable region of amino acid Polymers of amino acids Function: growth and repair	11
7846067555	Protein Structure	Primary structure Secondary structure Tertiary structure Quaternary structure	12
7846067556	Primary Structure (Protein)	Determined by the amino acid sequence of the chain attached by peptide bonds	13
7846067557	Secondary Structure (Protein)	Determined by intermolecular hydrogen bonding within the chain alpha helix and beta pleated sheets	14
7846067558	Tertiary Structure (Protein)	3-D shape determined by the folding and interactions between amino acids (e.g., nonpolar, polar, disulfide bridges)	15
7846067559	Quaternary Structure (Protein)	Determined by the interactions between 2 or more chains of polypeptides	16
7846067560	Nucleic Acids	RNA, DNA, ATP Polymers of nucleotides Nucleotides consist of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base	17
7846067569	Amino Acid	monomer of proteins 20 total types one end has a carboxyl group one end has an amino group has center carbon with variable R group which determines chemical properties	18
7846067570	amphipathic	a molecule having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts example: phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails	19
7846067571	anabolic	chemical reaction that builds molecules such as photosynthesis	20
7846067572	catabolic	chemical reaction that breaks down molecules such as respiration	21
7846067575	denaturation	A process in which a protein loses it's shape	22
7846067576	disaccharide	two sugars bonded together examples: lactose, sucrose	23
7846067577	hydrogen bond	weak attraction between slightly positive hydrogen atoms of a polar covalent bond in one molecules is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule or in another region of the same molecule	24
7846067578	macromolecule	a giant molecule formed by joining of smaller molecules, usually by dehydration synthesis	25
7846067579	monomer	the subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer	26
7846067580	monosaccharide	simple sugar	27
7846067581	nucleotide	building block of nucleic acids consisting of a five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate	28
7846067582	Peptide bond	Covalent bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group	29
7846067583	polymer	a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers in a chain	30