(Biology) Chapter 5: The Working Cell Flashcards

8182027069	Fluid Mosaic	Describes cell membrane Fluid means the parts can move around Mosaic means that there are many different parts (like a mosaic)	0
8182027070	Selective Permeability	A property of biological membranes, it lets some particles/molecules through while others not.	1
8182027071	Diffusion	Movement of a substance down the concentration gradient (high-->low) until it reaches eqilibrium.	2
8182027072	Concentration Gradient	The concentration of molecules (low or high) often move from high to low.	3
8182027073	Passive transport	Diffusion of a substance across a membrane without energy use.	4
8182027074	osmosis	The diffusion of water across a selectively permiable membrane.	5
8182027075	Tonicity	The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause gain/loss of water	6
8182027076	Isotonic	SAME: Solution that causes no gain/loss of water from the cell.	7
8182027077	Hypertonic	LOSS: Solution that causes loss of water from the cell.	8
8182027078	Hypotonic	GAIN: Solution that causes gain of water to the cell.	9
8182027080	Homeostatic	maintanance of equilibrium/balance	10
8182027081	Facilitated Diffusion	Diffusion requires transport proteins and moves a substance down it concentration gradient.	11
8182027082	Aquaporin	Transport protein that is specifically used for water.	12
8182027083	Actie Transport	Requires Energy (often obtained from ATP). Movement of a substance against its concentration gradient. (Low-->High)	13
8182027084	Exocytosis	THINK EXIT: The movement of (usually large) materials out of the cell by the plasma membrane creating a vesicle to transport it.	14
8182027085	Endocytosis	THINK ENTER: The movement of (usually large) materials into the cell by the plasma membrane creating a vesicle to transport it. (3 different types)	15
8182027086	Phagocytosis	Type of endocytosis: Cellular "Eating". The cell takes in some sort of macromolecule or other cells.	16
8182027088	Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis	Type of endocytosis: Movement of specific molecules into the cell by specific receptors grabbing and latching on and then being engulfed by a vesicle of phosplipids from the membrane.	17
8182027089	Energy	The capacity to cause change, do work	18
8182027090	Kinetic Energy	Energy of an object in motion. Does work by imparting (transfer) motion to another object.	19
8182027091	Thermal Energy	Heat. associated with the speed of movement of particles. Energy's most random form.	20
8182027092	Potential Energy	Energy that matter posesses because of it's location/arrangement.	21
8182027093	Chemical Energy	(a form of potential) Energy that is in molecules for release in a chemical reaction.	22
8182027094	First Law of Thermodynamics	Principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transfered and transformed, but not destroyed.	23
8182027095	Second Law of Thermodynamics	(Universe is heading towards entropy or disorder) Priciple that states that every energy conversion reduces the order of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted heat.	24
8182027096	Cellular Respiration	Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or other energy, and then release waste products.	25
8182027097	Exergonic Reaction	THINK EXIT: Energy releasing chemical reaction. Relese energy in the bonds of the reactants.	26
8182027098	Endergonic Reaction	THINK ENTER: Requires energy to happen. yeilds products high in energy. Begin with reactant with very little potential energy. End with much more chemical energy.	27
8182027099	Metabolism	Totality of an organism's chemical reactions. Comprises of anabolism and catabolism	28
8182027102	Energy Coupling	The use of energy released by an exergonic reaction to power and endergonic reaction.	29
8182027103	ATP	Adenosine triphosphate, main energy source for cells	30
8182027104	Activation energy	Amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction. Red part of graph.	31
8182027105	enzymes	Macromolecule (often protein) that serves as a catalyst to change the rate of a chemical reaction w/o being consumed by the reaction.	32
8182027106	Substrate	A specific substance (reactant) acted upon (changed) by enzyme.	33
8182027107	Substrate-Enzyme Relationship	Each enzyme only recognises a single substrate and visa versa.	34
8182027108	Rectant	a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.	35
8182027109	Active site	The part of and enzyme where a substrate attaches	36
8182027110	Induced Fit	The change in shape of an active site of an enzyme caused by entry of the substrate so that it binds more snugly to the substrate.	37
8182027111	Competitive inhibitor	Substance that reduces activity of an enzyme by binding to the active site.	38
8182027112	noncompetitive inhibitor	Substance that reduces activity of an enzyme by binding elsewhere and changing active site shape.	39
8182027113	Feedback inhibition	method of metabolim control in which a product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within the pathway.	40
8182027128	Metabolic Pathway	A series of chemical reactions. That: Build up a complex molecule Or Breaks one down	41
8182027129	Phosphorylation	Hydrolysis of ATP that transfers the 3rd phosophate to another process. Makes ADP	42
8182027134	Cofactors	Non-protein helpers of enzymes. They: Bond to active site function in catalysis	43
8182027135	Coenzyme	An organic molecule Cofactor (Non-protein helpers of enzymes. They: Bond to active site function in catalysis)	44
8182132609	Plasma Membrane	All cells are enclosed and that are similar in structure and function	45