Friedland APES Chapter 12 Flashcards
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| 9148114765 | Fossil fuel | A fuel derived from biological material that became fossilized millions of years ago. |  | 0 |
| 9148114766 | Nonrenewable energy resource | An energy source with a finite supply, primarily the fossil fuels and nuclear fuels. |  | 1 |
| 9148114767 | Nuclear fuel | Fuel derived from radioactive materials that give off energy. |  | 2 |
| 9148114768 | Commercial energy source | An energy source that is bought and sold. | 3 | |
| 9148114769 | Subsistence energy source | An energy source gathered by individuals for their own immediate needs. | 4 | |
| 9148114770 | Energy carrier | Something that can move and deliver energy in a convenient, usable form to end users. | 5 | |
| 9148114771 | Turbine | A device with blades that can be turned by water, wind, steam, or exhaust gas from combustion that turns a generator in an electricity-producing plant. |  | 6 |
| 9148114772 | Electric grid | A network of interconnected transmission lines that joins power plants together and links them with end users of electricity. |  | 7 |
| 9148114773 | Combined cycle | A power plant that uses both exhaust gasses and steam turbines to generate electricity. | 8 | |
| 9148114774 | Capacity | In reference to an electricity generating plant, the maximum electricity output. | 9 | |
| 9148114775 | Capacity factor | The fraction of time a power plant operates in a year. | 10 | |
| 9148114776 | Cogeneration | The use of a fuel to generate electricity and produce heat. Also known as Combined heat and power. | 11 | |
| 9148114777 | Combined heat and power | The use of a fuel to generate electricity and produce heat. Also known as Cogeneration. | 12 | |
| 9148114778 | Coal | A solid fuel formed primarily from the remains of trees, ferns, and other plant materials preserved 280 million to 300 million years ago. |  | 13 |
| 9148114779 | Petroleum | A fossil fuel that occurs in underground deposits, composed of a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons, water, and sulfur. |  | 14 |
| 9148114780 | Crude oil | Liquid petroleum removed from the ground. |  | 15 |
| 9148114781 | Oil sands | Slow-flowing, viscous deposits of bitumen mixed with sand, water, and clay. |  | 16 |
| 9148114782 | Bitumen | A degraded petroleum that forms when petroleum migrates to the surface of Earth and is modified by bacteria. | 17 | |
| 9148114783 | CTL (coal to liquid) | The process of converting solid coal into liquid fuel. | 18 | |
| 9148114784 | Energy intensity | The energy use per unit of gross domestic product. |  | 19 |
| 9148114785 | Hubbert curve | A bell-shaped curve representing oil use and projecting both when world oil production will reach a maximum and when the world will run out of oil. |  | 20 |
| 9148114786 | Peak oil | The point at which half the total known oil supply is used up. | 21 | |
| 9148114787 | Fission | A nuclear reaction in which a neutron strikes a relatively large atomic nucleus, which then splits into two or more parts, releasing additional neutrons and energy in the form of heat. |  | 22 |
| 9148114788 | Fuel rod | A cylindrical tube that encloses nuclear fuel within a nuclear reactor. | 23 | |
| 9148114789 | Control rod | A cylindrical device inserted between the fuel rods in a nuclear reactor to absorb excess neutrons and slow or stop the fission reaction. | 24 | |
| 9148114790 | Radioactive waste | Nuclear fuel that can no longer produce enough heat to be useful in a power plant but continues to emit radioactivity. | 25 | |
| 9148114791 | Becquerel (Bq) | Unit that measures the rate at which a sample of radioactive material decays; 1 Bq = decay of 1 atom or nucleus per second. | 26 | |
| 9148114792 | Curie | A unit of measure for radiation; 1 curie = 37 billion decays per second. | 27 | |
| 9148114793 | Nuclear fusion | A reaction that occurs when lighter nuclei are forced together to produce heavier nuclei. |  | 28 |