AP World History CHAP 18 Flashcards

8942364126	Ivan III (The Great)	Prince of the duchy in Moscow; responsible for freeing Russia from the Mongols; took the title of tsar.	0
8942382478	Third Rome	Russia, with Moscow as its capital, claimed to be the successor of the Roman and Byzantine empire.	1
8942411691	Ivan IV (The Terrible)	Confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking the authority of the boyars; continued policy of expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture.	2
8942445634	Boyars	The Russian nobles	3
8942453597	Cossacks	Peasant adventurers with agricultural and military skills recruited to conquer and settle in newly seized lands in southern Russia and Siberia.	4
8942486430	Time of Troubles	Early 17th-century period of boyar efforts to regain power and foreign invasion after the death of Ivan IV without an heir; ended with the selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613.	5
8942553061	Romanov Dynasty	Ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917.	6
8942582065	Alexis Romanov	Second ruler of the dynasty; abolished assemblies of nobles; gained powers over the Orthodox church	7
8942640616	Old Believers	Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov; many were exiled to southern Russia or Siberia.	8
8942745459	Peter I (The Great)	Tsar from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; sought to change selected aspects of the economy and cultire through imitation of western European models.	9
8960507252	St. Petersburg	Baltic city that was made the new capital of Russia by Peter I.	10
8960514064	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian Tsarina; combined selective Enlightenment ideas with strong centralizing policies; converted the nobility to a service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry.	11
8960535286	Partition of Poland	Three separate divisions of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as an independent state.	12
8960552237	Obrok	Labor obligations of Russian peasants owed either to their landlords or to the state; part of the increased burdens placed on the peasantry during the 18th century.	13
8960568462	Pugachev Rebellion	unsuccessful peasant riding led by Cossack Pugachev during the 1770's; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and therafter.	14
8960583824	Westernization	Process in which traditional cultures come under the influence of Western culture	15
8960591362	Serfdom	Institution on which a peasant is attached to a feudal estate.	16