AP World History- Unit 3 Flashcards

6401300480	Buddhism	came to china over the silk roads. It is a religion that desires to eliminate all distracting passion and reach nirvana	0
6401300481	Daoism	Chinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou dynasty; it is associated with legendary philosopher Laozi, and it called for a policy of noncompetition	1
6401300482	Equal field system	Chinese system during the Tang dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land	2
6401300483	Grand canal	One of the world's largest waterworks projects before modern times	3
6401300484	Hangzhou	Capital of the Southern Song dyansty	4
6401300485	Nara Japan	Centered on the city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese Influence	5
6401300486	Neo-Confucianism	Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought	6
6401300487	Nirvana	Buddhist concept of a state of spiritual perfection and enlightenment in which distracting passions are eliminated	7
6401300488	Porcelain	Lighter, thinner and adaptable	8
6401300489	Samurai	A Japanese warrior	9
6401300490	Shogun	Japanese military leader who ruled in place of the emperor	10
6401300491	Song dynasty	It was marked by an increasingly urbanized and cosmopolitan society	11
6401300492	Tang dynasty	An imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty	12
6401300493	Uighurs	Turkish tribe	13
6401300494	Abbasid dynasty	Cosmopolitan Arabic dynasty that replaced the Umayyads; founded by Abu al-Abbas and reached its peak under Harun al-Rashid	14
6401300495	Abu-Bakr	First caliph after the death of Muhammad	15
6401300496	Allah	God of the monotheistic religion of Islam	16
6401300497	Bedouin	Nomadic Arabic tribespeople	17
6401300498	Caliph	"Deputy," Islamic leader after the death of Muhammad	18
6401300499	dar al-Islam	The "house of Islam," a term for the Islamic world	19
6401300500	Five Pillars of Islam	The foundations of Islam: 1. Profession of faith 2. prayer 3. fasting during Ramadan 4. almsgiving 5. pilgrimage or hajj	20
6401300501	hadith	a collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Koran.	21
6401300502	hajj	Pilgrimage to Mecca	22
6401300503	hijra	Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622, which is the beginning point of the Islamic calendar and is considered to mark the beginning of the Islamic faith	23
6401300504	Islam	Monotheistic religion announced by the prophet Muhammad; influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture	24
6401300505	jihad	a war or struggle against unbelievers.	25
6401300506	jizya	Tax in Islamic empires that was imposed on non-Muslims	26
6401300507	Ka'aba	main shrine in Mecca, goal of Muslims embarking on the hajj	27
6401300508	madrasas	Islamic institutions of higher education that originated in the tenth century	28
6401300509	Muhammad	Prophet of Islam	29
6401300510	Muslim	A follower of Islam	30
6401300511	Quran	Islamic holy book that is believed to contain the divine revelations of Allah as presented to Muhammad	31
6401300512	sakk	Letters of credit that were common in the medieval Islamic banking world	32
6401300513	sharia	The Islamic holy law, drawn up by theologians form the Quran and accounts of Muhammad's life	33
6401300514	Shia	Islamic minority in opposition to the Sunni majority; their belief is that leadership should reside in the line descended from Ali	34
6401300515	Sufi	Islamic mystics who placed more emphasis on emotion and devotion than on strict adherence to rules	35
6401300516	Sunni	"Traditionalists," the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, compared with the Shiite belief that only a descendant of Ali can lead	36
6401300517	ulama	Islamic officials, scholars who shaped public policy in accordance with the Quran and the Sharia	37
6401300518	umma	Islamic term for the "community of the faithful"	38
6401300519	Ummayad dynasty	Arabic dynasty, with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east	39
6401300520	Melaka (Malacca)	Southeast Asian kingdom that was predominantly Islamic	40
6401300521	Axum	African kingdom centered in Ethiopia that became an early and lasting center of Coptic Christianity	41
6401300522	caste system	class structure that is determined by birth.	42
6401300523	dhows	Indian, Persian, and Arab ships, one hundred to four hundred tons, that sailed and traded throughout the Indian Ocean basin	43
6401300524	Srivijaya	Southeast Asian kingdom, based on the island of Sumatra, that used a powerful navy to dominate trade	44
6401300525	Byzantine Empire	Long-lasting empire centered at Constantinople; it grew out of the end of the Roman empire, carried the legacy of Roman greatness, and was the only classical society to survive into the early modern age; it reached its early peak during the reign of Justinian	45
6401300526	caesaropapism	Concept relating to the mixing of political and religious authority, as with the Roman emperors, that was central to the church-versus-state controversy in medieval Europe	46
6401300527	Corpus iuris civilis	Body of the Civil Law, the Byzantine emperor Justinian's attempt to codify all Roman law	47
6401300528	Greek fire	Devastating incendiary weapon used mainly at sea by Byzantine forces in the 7th and 8th CE	48
6401300529	Hagia Sofia	Massive Christian church constructed by the Byzantine emperor Justinian and later converted into a mosque	49
6401300530	Magyars	Hungarian invaders who raided towns in Germany, Italy, and France in the ninth and tenth century	50
6401300531	Odovacer	Germanic general who deposed Romulus Augustus in 476 CE, thus bringing about the end of the western Roman Empire	51
6401300532	Patriarch	Leader of the Greek Orthodox church, which in 1054 officially split with the Pope and the Roman Catholic church	52
6401300533	schism	Mutual excommunication of the Roman Pope and Byzantine Patriarch in 1054 over ritual, doctrinal and political differences between the two Christian chruches	53
6401300534	Vikings	A group that raided the British Isles from their home at Vik in southern Norway	54
6401300535	shamans	Religious specialists who possessed supernatural powers and who communicated with the gods and the spirits of nature	55
6401300536	Yuan dynasty	Chinese dynasty that was founded by Genghis Khan's grandson	56
6401300537	Temüjin	Mongol conqueror who later took the name Chinggis Khan, "universal ruler"	57
6401300538	yurts	Tents used by nomadic Turkish and Mongol tribes	58
6401300539	age grades	Bantu institution in which individuals of roughly the same age carried out communal tasks appropriate for that age	59
6401300540	Bantu peoples	African peoples who originally lived in the area of present day Nigeria;	60
6401300541	Great Zimbabwe	Large sub-Saharan African kingdom in the 15th century	61
6401300542	Mali empire	West African kingdom founded in the 13th century by Sundiata; it reached its peak during the reign of Mansa Masu	62
6401300543	Sundiata	Founder of the Mali empire, also the inspiration for the Sundiata, an African literary and mythological work	63
6401300544	Swahili	East African city-state society that dominated the coast from Mogadishu to Kilwa and was active in trade. Also a Bantu language of East Africa, or a member of a group who speaks this language	64
6401300545	chivalry	European medieval code of conduct for knights based on loyalty and honor	65
6401300546	Franciscans	An order of mendicants founded by St. Francis whose purpose was to live in poverty and serve the religious needs of their communities	66
6401300547	Marco Polo	Italian merchant whose account of his travels to China and other lands became legendary	67
6401300548	relics	Physical remains of saints or religious figures assembled by churches for veneration	68
6401300549	reconquista	Crusade, ending in 1492, to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain	69
6401300550	Saladin	Muslim leader and crusader who recaptures Jerusalem from the Christians	70
6401300551	three estates	The three classes of European society, composed of the clergy #1, the aristocrats #2 and the common people #3	71
6401300552	Aztec empire	Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century during he reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I	72
6401300553	chinampa	Agricultural gardens used by Mexica (Aztecs) in which fertile muck from lake bottoms was dredged and built up into small plots	73
6401300554	Iroquois	Eastern American Indian confederation made up of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes	74
6401300555	Maori	Indigenous people of New Zealand	75
6401300556	Quetzalcóatl	Aztec god, the "feathered serpent," who was borrowed originally from the Toltecs; Quetzalcoatl was believed to have been defeated by another god and exiled, and he promised to return	76
6401300557	quipu	Incan mnemonic aid comprised of different-colored strings and knots that served to record events in the absence of a written text	77
6401300558	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, later Mexico city	78
6401300559	Teotihuacan	Central American society; its Pyramid of the Sun was the largest structure in Mesoamerica	79