AP Literature Flashcards

7605812555	Theme	The central idea or dominating thought, which results from the elements contained in fiction. This summarizes the author's purpose in writing the narrative.	0
7605812556	Major Themes in Literature	• Human Nature • The Nature of Society • Fate and Freedom • Ethics	1
7605812557	Dualism	Theme The belief that humans have two natures.	2
7605812558	Synesthesia	Trope The mingling of senses.	3
7605812559	Conceit	Trope A controlling piece of figurative language.	4
7605812560	Metonym	Trope When you replace one word with another word through association. Ex.) The White House gave a press conference.	5
7605812561	Synecdoche	Trope When you replace a word for another from whole to part or part to whole. Ex.) nice wheels!	6
7605812562	Understatement	Trope When you undervalue the intensity of something.	7
7605812563	Parallelism	Syntax A balance of structure. Uses a same general structure for multiple parts of a sentence or for multiple sentences.	8
7605812564	Antithesis	Syntax Built by contrasting any of the different parts of a statement. Ex.) Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.	9
7605812565	Periodic Sentence	Syntax A sentence that is not grammatically correct until the physical end of the sentence. Ex.) Over the river, through the woods	10
7605812566	Loose Sentence	Syntax A sentence in which it is grammatically correct before it is physically complete.	11
7605812567	Apothegmatic	Syntax A short simple sentence that follows a series of longer more complex sentences.	12
7605812568	Polysyndeton	Syntax Adding coordinators after ever member in a list. Ex.) We went to the beach and sang and laughed and played and had a fun time.	13
7605812569	Asyndeton	Syntax Leaves out conjunctions in a non-standard way. Ex.) He was tall, dark, handsome.	14
7605812570	Anadiplosis	Syntax Takes the last word of a sentence or phrase and repeats it as the next sentence or phrase. Ex.) Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.	15
7605812571	Chiasmus	Syntax A special form of parallelism that flips the original form around. Ex.) You have seen how a man was made a slave, you shall see how a slave was made a man.	16
7605812572	Litotes	Syntax Emphasizes a point by using a word opposite to the condition. Ex.) The trip was no easy journey.	17
7605812573	Zeugma	Syntax Greek for "yoking"- to link together A structure in which two elements of a sentence are linked by a governing third element in a suggestive way. Ex.) I drank of the wine and her beauty.	18
7605812574	Romantic Irony	Irony When the audience has been mislead by the story teller.	19
7605812575	Cosmic Irony	Irony When a character falsely believes they have free will.	20
7605812576	Structural Irony	Irony When the structure of something does not match its purpose.	21
7605812577	Situational Irony	Irony When something is expected to happen, but something else happens instead.	22
7605812578	Dramatic Irony	Irony The reader knows something the character doesn't.	23
7605812579	Verbal Irony	Irony When words express something contrary to truth.	24
7605812580	Diction	An author's word choice	25
7605812581	Denotation	Diction The dictionary definition of a word.	26
7605812582	Connotation	Diction The emotional and cultural attachments of a word.	27
7605812583	Semantics	Diction The study of words or study of language.	28
7605812584	Cliché	Diction A phrase or expression that had been used so much that it is no longer original. Ex.) Get off your high horse	29
7605812585	Euphemism	Diction Taking an unpleasant idea and making it sound better. Ex.) Friendly Fire	30
7605812586	Sign	Literary Device An object, picture, or word which signifies something other than itself.	31
7605812587	Symbol	Literary Device An object, place, character, or event that represents something more or something other than itself.	32
7605812588	Archetype	Literary Device A symbol that transcends time and culture.	33
7605812589	Soliloquy	Literary Device When a character, normally alone on the stage, delivers a speech, which is normally a collection of his own thoughts.	34
7605812590	Aside	Literary Device Just like a soliloquy, except there are other people on stage. Usually it is just for the audience to hear.	35
7605812591	Apostrophe	Literary Device A rhetorical device in which the writer breaks out of the flow of writing to directly address a person or personified object.	36
7605812592	Allusion	Literary Device Reference to a famous work.	37
7605812593	Paradox	Literary Device An idea that seems false but there is truth to it. Ex.) No fashion is fashion.	38
7605812594	Figurative Imagery	Literary Device To use objects, patterns, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. Ex.) The tall, menacing dog snarled at the fluffy cat.	39
7605812595	Motif	Literary Device Repeated element in a work of art.	40
7605812596	Oxymoron	Literary Device Contradictory terms. Ex.) Jumbo shrimp	41
7605812597	Poetry	Literary expression characterized by particular attention to rhythm, sound, and the concentrated concrete use of language.	42
7605812598	Narrative Poem	Poetry Types Tells a story in verse.	43
7605812599	Ballad	Poetry Types Songlike poem that tells a story.	44
7605812600	Epic	Poetry Types The hero of the poem embodies the values and aspirations of the poet's culture.	45
7605812601	Dramatic Poem	Poetry Types Makes use of the conventions of drama.	46
7605812602	Dramatic Monologue	Poetry Types A poem or speech in which an imaginary character speaks to a listener. Ex.) Soliloquy	47
7605812603	Dramatic Dialogue	Poetry Types A poem in which two speakers converse with one another.	48
7605812604	Lyric Poem	Poetry Types A melodic poem that expresses the observations and the feelings of a single speaker.	49
7605812605	The Elegy	Poetry Types A reflective poem that laments the loss of someone or something.	50
7605812606	The Ode	Poetry Types A long, formal lyric poem, usually meditative, that treats a noble or otherwise elevated subject in a dignified manner. These poems often commemorate people, events, or consider the aspect of the human condition.	51
7605812607	The Sonnet	Poetry Types A lyric poem that consists of fourteen lines and that follows one of several traditional rhyme schemes. Love is among one of the most common themes.	52
7605812608	Metaphysical Conceit	Poetry Types A conceit which draws a shocking or unconventional comparison.	53
7605812609	Carpe Diem	Poetry Types A poem that expresses the value of "seize the day"	54
7605812610	Stanza	Poetry Structure A group of lines that work together to present an idea.	55
7605812611	Concrete Poetry	Poetry Structure When the shape of the poem enhances the meaning of the poem.	56
7605812612	Enjambment	Poetry Structure The physical end of a line of poetry does not match the grammatical end of a line of poetry.	57
7605812613	End Stopped Line	Poetry Structure The physical end of a line of poetry matches the grammatical end of a line of poetry.	58
7605812614	Poetic Shift	Poetry Structure When a poem moves from one tone or tones to a new tone. You are also usually able to find the meaning.	59
7605812615	Couplet	Poetry Structure 2 lines	60
7605812616	Quatrain	Poetry Structure 4 lines	61
7605812617	Sestet	Poetry Structure 6 lines	62
7605812618	Octave	Poetry Structure 8 lines	63
7605812619	Tercet	Poetry Structure 3 lines	64
7605812620	Scantion	Rhythm When you read through a poem to analyze its rhythm.	65
7605812621	Foot	Rhythm A pattern of unstressed stressed syllables	66
7605812622	Meter	Rhythm The number of feet in a line of poetry.	67
7605812623	Iambic Pentameter	Rhythm A line of poetry that has five feet and one Iamb.	68
7605812624	Rhyme	Sound Made when the last vowel sounds and following consonant sounds of a word at the end of a line of poetry match another word that has the same sound.	69
7605812625	Half-Rhyme	Sound A rhyme in which the vowel or consonants done quite match, but it's obvious that the poet means for them to rhyme.	70
7605812626	Rhyme Scheme	Sound The pattern of rhyme in a section or a full poem.	71
7605812627	Act	Plot Structure A major division in a play. Allows us to jump scenes and show time progression. A unified set of actions. Also used to change characters.	72
7605812628	1st Act- Exposition	Plot Structure Introduces characters, setting, and context. Introduction of the conflict takes place.	73
7605812629	2nd Act- "The Tying of Knots"	Plot Structure More complications are added.	74
7605812630	3rd Act- Climax	Plot Structure Where a crucial decision is made.	75
7605812631	4th Act- The Reversal	Plot Structure "The untying of knots"	76
7605812632	5th Act- Resolution	Plot Structure However, there is some sort of hope	77
7605812633	Scenes	Plot Structure Moving time, moving place, moving character.	78
7605812634	Setting	The background against which a story takes place.	79
7605812635	Collective Unconscious	The common connection humans unconsciously have through archetypes.	80
7605812636	Characterization	The creation and development of a character.	81
7605812637	Direct Characterization	Characterization The author directly tells the reader about the character.	82
7605812638	Indirect Characterization	Characterization The author shows rather than tells about the character through external descriptions, internal descriptions, and other character's descriptions.	83
7605812639	Round Character	Characterization A complex character.	84
7605812640	Flat Character	Characterization A stereotypical character.	85
7605812641	Static Character	Characterization A character who does not change through the course of the story.	86
7605812642	Dynamic Character	Characterization A character who changes because of the events of the story.	87
7605812643	Protagonist	Characterization The main character who is trying to fill some desire.	88
7605812644	Antagonist	Characterization The character that acts against the desires of the protagonist.	89
7605812645	Foil	Characterization A character with similar attributes to the main character but one primary difference that highlights an aspect of the main character.	90
7605812646	Aristotelian Tragedy	Tragedy Tragedy that depicts the downfall of a basically good person through some fatal error or misjudgment, producing suffering and insight on the part of the protagonist and arousing pity and fear on the part of the audience.	91
7605812647	Anagnorisis	Tragedy A moment of clairvoyant insight or understanding in the mind of the tragic hero as he suddenly comprehends the web of fate that he has entangled himself in.	92
7605812648	Hamartia	Tragedy A fatal error or simple mistake on the part of the protagonist that eventually leads to the final catastrophe.	93
7605812649	Hubris	Tragedy The sin par excellence of the tragic or over aspiring hero. Though it is usually translated as pride, it is better understood as a sort of insolent daring, a haughty overstepping of cultural codes or ethical boundaries.	94
7605812650	Nemesis	Tragedy The inevitable punishment or cosmic payback for acts of hubris.	95
7605812651	Peripeteia	A pivotal or crucial action on the part of the protagonist that changes his situation from seemingly secure to vulnerable.	96
7605812652	Hegelian Tragedy	Tragedy A situation in which two rights or values are in fatal conflict.	97
7606022212	Plot	The pattern that results from the events in a story and the order in which they are presented.	98
7606022213	Expostition	Plot Introduction of characters and setting (The status quo)	99
7606022214	Conflict	Plot Most plots involve this, either external or internal as the characters participate in a series of actions.	100
7606022215	Rising Action	Plot The increase in tension in a story.	101
7606022216	Climax	Plot The highest point of tension in a story. This is when the protagonist makes a decision for better or worse.	102
7606022217	Falling Action	Plot The release of tension in a story.	103
7606022218	Dénouement	Plot How the story turns out.	104
7606022219	Point of View	The vantage point from which the author chooses to tell the story.	105
7606022220	1st Person Subjective	Point of View Told from the point of view of a single character, normally the protagonist.	106
7606022221	2nd Person Perspective	Point of View Rare form of literature which places the reader into the narrative.	107
7606022222	3rd Person Omniscient	Point of View Story narrated by a god like being who can shift from character to character.	108
7606022223	3rd Person Limited	Point of View Story is portrayed through the eyes of a single character.	109
7606022224	Unobtrusive Narrator	Types of Narrator There is no commentary from the Narrator.	110
7606022225	Unreliable Narrator	Types of Narrator A Narrator who seems trustworthy at first, but the reader starts to question the validity of the story being told.	111
7699984626	The 5 Branches Of Philosophy	• Metaphysics • Epistemology • Ethics • Politics • Aesthetics	112
7699984627	Philosophy	A love of knowledge.	113
7699984628	Metaphysics	Type of Philosophy Rising above or beyond existence. The study of existence.	114
7699984629	Epistemology	Type of Philosophy A study of how we know about the universe	115
7699984630	Ethics	Type of Philosophy How do we act in the world? The study of morality	116
7699984631	Politics	Type of Philosophy Ethics applied to a group of people	117
7699984632	Aesthetics	Type of Philosophy The study of beauty	118
7699984633	Zeitgeist	Type of Ism The spirit of the times. The general philosophic, cultural, and artistic climate of an era	119
7895335289	Blank Verse	Rhythm An Unrhymed iambic pentameter	120
7895335290	Internal Rhyme	Type of Sound Happens in the middle of a line of poetry.	121
8492218442	Fundamentalists	A literal belief in religious text.	122
8492218443	Liberal Believers	Believe that religious texts contain metaphors, might not believe it was a true story	123
8492218444	Scholars and Non- Believers	Believe that religious texts are cultural relics, not necessarily true, but something to be studied.	124
8492218445	Political Nihilism	Anarchy, a desire to destroy all forms of government	125
8492218446	Philosophical Nihilism	There is no god, no afterlife, there is nothing after death ; Atheism	126
8492218447	Nietzche- Will To Power	You are able to exert your own power into the world.	127
8492218448	The three periods of Civilization Development	• Pre-Moral Stage: the master morality • Moral Stage: slave morality • The Supra-Moral Stage: the rise of the Ubermensch	128
8492218449	Ubermensch	A figure that throws aside societal morality and decides to alter the world around them under their influence	129
8492218450	4 Major Themes of Existentialism	• Moral Individualism • Subjectivity • Choice and Commitment • Dread and Anxiety	130
8492218451	Moral Individualism	The individual must decide which situations are to count as moral situations	131
8492218452	Subjevtivity	The understanding of a situation by someone involved in that situation is superior to that of a detached, objective observer	132
8492218453	Choice and Commitment	Choice is inescapable, freedom of choice entails commitment and responsibility	133
8492218454	Dread and Anxiety	Because you have no guide, you should be conscious of the power you hold through the freedom to make choices	134
8492218455	Existentialism	Philosophical movement or tendency, emphasizing individual existence, freedom, and choice, that influenced many diverse writers during the 19th and 20th centuries.	135
8492218456	4 Parts of a Dialectical Clash	• Dialectical • Thesis • antithesis • synthesis	136
8492218457	Ideological	A philosophic belief that there is a purpose to time and the universe	137
8492218458	Predestination	Derived from Puritanism; What you are going to do or be has already been determined	138
8492218459	Temporal Time	Existing in the present. The past is gone and the future has not occurred yet.	139
8492218460	Unconditional Election	Humans are not able to save themselves. No amount of food deeds will save you.	140
8492218461	Total Depravity	Derived from Calvinism; you are born with original sin	141
8492218462	Limited Atonement	Jesus only died on the cross for those who are already saved, not for everybody	142
8492218463	Irresistible Grace	The grace of god is only given to the saved.	143
8492218464	Perseverance of the Saints	Those elected by god have full power to interpret the will of god	144
8492218465	Renaissance	Refers to the rebirth of learning that spread through Italy and the north in the 14th century and ended in mid 17th century	145
8492218466	The Great Chain of Being	Every existing thing has its "place" in a hierarchal order.	146
8492218467	Humanism	Gave renewed emphasis to life in this world instead of to the otherworldly life in the Middle Ages. A shift from "contemplation life" to "active life"	147
8492218468	Protestantism	Wanted the medieval church to conform within, most important was the rejection of the pope as a spiritual leader.	148
8492218469	Wheel of Fortune	The goddess Fortunate spins the wheel of fate. Some suffer misfortune, others gain windfalls	149
8492218470	Dualism	The belief that human beings have 2 natures.	150
8492218471	Onomatopoeia	When a word means what it sounds like	151
8492218472	Kenning	A noun that takes the place of another noun	152
8492218473	Poetic Diction	A word used to refer to the linguistic style, the vocabulary, and the metaphors used in the writing of poetry.	153
8492218474	Inverted Syntax	When the normal order of words are reversed to produce a certain effect	154
8492218475	Anachronism	an act of attributing a custom, event, or object to a period to which it does not belong.	155
8492218476	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character.	156
8492218477	Stream of Consciousness	A literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur.	157
8492218478	Monomyth- The Hero Cycle	• I. Departure • II. Initiation • III. Return	158
8492218479	The Hero Cycle	A. The call to adventure B. Circumstance of the call C. Threshold D. Beyond threshold E. Return threshold F. Apperance of helper	159
8492218480	3 Major Types of Poetry	• Narrative -ballad -epic • Dramatic -dialogue -monologue • lyric -the elegy -the ode -the sonnet	160
8492837726	Assonance	The repetition of vowel sounds between dissimilar consonant sounds. Ex.) two turtles burning	161
8492837727	Consonance	Repetition of consonant sounds by dissimilar vowel sounds. Ex.) rattle the kettle	162