AP Literature Flashcards

8483532767	Elements of Literature	Plot Characterization Tone POV Setting Symbolism	0
8477654071	Theme	The central idea or dominating thought, which results from the elements contained in fiction. This summarizes the author's purpose in writing the narrative.	1
8477654072	Major Themes in Literature	• Human Nature • The Nature of Society • Fate and Freedom • Ethics	2
8477654073	Dualism	Theme The belief that humans have two natures.	3
8477654074	Synesthesia	Trope The mingling of senses.	4
8477654075	Conceit	Trope A controlling piece of figurative language.	5
8477654076	Metonym	Trope When you replace one word with another word through association. Ex.) The White House gave a press conference.	6
8477654077	Synecdoche	Trope When you replace a word for another from whole to part or part to whole. Ex.) nice wheels!	7
8477654078	Understatement	Trope When you undervalue the intensity of something.	8
8477654079	Parallelism	Syntax A balance of structure. Uses a same general structure for multiple parts of a sentence or for multiple sentences.	9
8477654080	Antithesis	Syntax Built by contrasting any of the different parts of a statement. Ex.) Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.	10
8477654081	Periodic Sentence	Syntax A sentence that is not grammatically correct until the physical end of the sentence. Ex.) Over the river, through the woods	11
8477654082	Loose Sentence	Syntax A sentence in which it is grammatically correct before it is physically complete.	12
8477654083	Apothegmatic	Syntax A short simple sentence that follows a series of longer more complex sentences.	13
8477654084	Polysyndeton	Syntax Adding coordinators after ever member in a list. Ex.) We went to the beach and sang and laughed and played and had a fun time.	14
8477654085	Asyndeton	Syntax Leaves out conjunctions in a non-standard way. Ex.) He was tall, dark, handsome.	15
8477654086	Anadiplosis	Syntax Takes the last word of a sentence or phrase and repeats it as the next sentence or phrase. Ex.) Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.	16
8477654087	Chiasmus	Syntax A special form of parallelism that flips the original form around. Ex.) You have seen how a man was made a slave, you shall see how a slave was made a man.	17
8477654088	Litotes	Syntax Emphasizes a point by using a word opposite to the condition. Ex.) The trip was no easy journey.	18
8477654089	Zeugma	Syntax Greek for "yoking"- to link together A structure in which two elements of a sentence are linked by a governing third element in a suggestive way. Ex.) I drank of the wine and her beauty.	19
8477654090	Romantic Irony	Irony When the audience has been mislead by the story teller.	20
8477654091	Cosmic Irony	Irony When a character falsely believes they have free will.	21
8477654092	Structural Irony	Irony When the structure of something does not match its purpose.	22
8477654093	Situational Irony	Irony When something is expected to happen, but something else happens instead.	23
8477654094	Dramatic Irony	Irony The reader knows something the character doesn't.	24
8477654095	Verbal Irony	Irony When words express something contrary to truth.	25
8477654096	Diction	An author's word choice	26
8477654097	Denotation	Diction The dictionary definition of a word.	27
8477654098	Connotation	Diction The emotional and cultural attachments of a word.	28
8477654099	Semantics	Diction The study of words or study of language.	29
8477654100	Cliché	Diction A phrase or expression that had been used so much that it is no longer original. Ex.) Get off your high horse	30
8477654101	Euphemism	Diction Taking an unpleasant idea and making it sound better. Ex.) Friendly Fire	31
8477654102	Sign	Literary Device An object, picture, or word which signifies something other than itself.	32
8477654103	Symbol	Literary Device An object, place, character, or event that represents something more or something other than itself.	33
8477654104	Archetype	Literary Device A symbol that transcends time and culture.	34
8477654105	Soliloquy	Literary Device When a character, normally alone on the stage, delivers a speech, which is normally a collection of his own thoughts.	35
8477654106	Aside	Literary Device Just like a soliloquy, except there are other people on stage. Usually it is just for the audience to hear.	36
8477654107	Apostrophe	Literary Device A rhetorical device in which the writer breaks out of the flow of writing to directly address a person or personified object.	37
8477654108	Allusion	Literary Device Reference to a famous work.	38
8477654109	Paradox	Literary Device An idea that seems false but there is truth to it. Ex.) No fashion is fashion.	39
8477654110	Figurative Imagery	Literary Device To use objects, patterns, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. Ex.) The tall, menacing dog snarled at the fluffy cat.	40
8477654111	Motif	Literary Device Repeated element in a work of art.	41
8477654112	Oxymoron	Literary Device Contradictory terms. Ex.) Jumbo shrimp	42
8477654113	Poetry	Literary expression characterized by particular attention to rhythm, sound, and the concentrated concrete use of language.	43
8477654114	Narrative Poem	Poetry Types Tells a story in verse.	44
8477654115	Ballad	Poetry Types Songlike poem that tells a story.	45
8477654116	Epic	Poetry Types The hero of the poem embodies the values and aspirations of the poet's culture.	46
8477654117	Dramatic Poem	Poetry Types Makes use of the conventions of drama.	47
8477654118	Dramatic Monologue	Poetry Types A poem or speech in which an imaginary character speaks to a listener. Ex.) Soliloquy	48
8477654119	Dramatic Dialogue	Poetry Types A poem in which two speakers converse with one another.	49
8477654120	Lyric Poem	Poetry Types A melodic poem that expresses the observations and the feelings of a single speaker.	50
8477654121	The Elegy	Poetry Types A reflective poem that laments the loss of someone or something.	51
8477654122	The Ode	Poetry Types A long, formal lyric poem, usually meditative, that treats a noble or otherwise elevated subject in a dignified manner. These poems often commemorate people, events, or consider the aspect of the human condition.	52
8477654123	The Sonnet	Poetry Types A lyric poem that consists of fourteen lines and that follows one of several traditional rhyme schemes. Love is among one of the most common themes.	53
8477654124	Metaphysical Conceit	Poetry Types A conceit which draws a shocking or unconventional comparison.	54
8477654125	Carpe Diem	Poetry Types A poem that expresses the value of "seize the day"	55
8477654126	Stanza	Poetry Structure A group of lines that work together to present an idea.	56
8477654127	Concrete Poetry	Poetry Structure When the shape of the poem enhances the meaning of the poem.	57
8477654128	Enjambment	Poetry Structure The physical end of a line of poetry does not match the grammatical end of a line of poetry.	58
8477654129	End Stopped Line	Poetry Structure The physical end of a line of poetry matches the grammatical end of a line of poetry.	59
8477654130	Poetic Shift	Poetry Structure When a poem moves from one tone or tones to a new tone. You are also usually able to find the meaning.	60
8477654131	Couplet	Poetry Structure 2 lines	61
8477654132	Quatrain	Poetry Structure 4 lines	62
8477654133	Sestet	Poetry Structure 6 lines	63
8477654134	Octave	Poetry Structure 8 lines	64
8477654135	Tercet	Poetry Structure 3 lines	65
8477654136	Scantion	Rhythm When you read through a poem to analyze its rhythm.	66
8477654137	Foot	Rhythm A pattern of unstressed stressed syllables	67
8477654138	Meter	Rhythm The number of feet in a line of poetry.	68
8477654139	Iambic Pentameter	Rhythm A line of poetry that has five feet and one Iamb.	69
8477654140	Rhyme	Sound Made when the last vowel sounds and following consonant sounds of a word at the end of a line of poetry match another word that has the same sound.	70
8477654141	Half-Rhyme	Sound A rhyme in which the vowel or consonants done quite match, but it's obvious that the poet means for them to rhyme.	71
8477654142	Rhyme Scheme	Sound The pattern of rhyme in a section or a full poem.	72
8477654143	Act	Plot Structure A major division in a play. Allows us to jump scenes and show time progression. A unified set of actions. Also used to change characters.	73
8477654144	1st Act- Exposition	Plot Structure Introduces characters, setting, and context. Introduction of the conflict takes place.	74
8477654145	2nd Act- "The Tying of Knots"	Plot Structure More complications are added.	75
8477654146	3rd Act- Climax	Plot Structure Where a crucial decision is made.	76
8477654147	4th Act- The Reversal	Plot Structure "The untying of knots"	77
8477654148	5th Act- Resolution	Plot Structure However, there is some sort of hope	78
8477654149	Scenes	Plot Structure Moving time, moving place, moving character.	79
8477654150	Setting	The background against which a story takes place.	80
8477654151	Collective Unconscious	The common connection humans unconsciously have through archetypes.	81
8477654152	Characterization	The creation and development of a character.	82
8477654153	Direct Characterization	Characterization The author directly tells the reader about the character.	83
8477654154	Indirect Characterization	Characterization The author shows rather than tells about the character through external descriptions, internal descriptions, and other character's descriptions.	84
8477654155	Round Character	Characterization A complex character.	85
8477654156	Flat Character	Characterization A stereotypical character.	86
8477654157	Static Character	Characterization A character who does not change through the course of the story.	87
8477654158	Dynamic Character	Characterization A character who changes because of the events of the story.	88
8477654159	Protagonist	Characterization The main character who is trying to fill some desire.	89
8477654160	Antagonist	Characterization The character that acts against the desires of the protagonist.	90
8477654161	Foil	Characterization A character with similar attributes to the main character but one primary difference that highlights an aspect of the main character.	91
8477654162	Aristotelian Tragedy	Tragedy Tragedy that depicts the downfall of a basically good person through some fatal error or misjudgment, producing suffering and insight on the part of the protagonist and arousing pity and fear on the part of the audience.	92
8477654163	Anagnorisis	Tragedy A moment of clairvoyant insight or understanding in the mind of the tragic hero as he suddenly comprehends the web of fate that he has entangled himself in.	93
8477654164	Hamartia	Tragedy A fatal error or simple mistake on the part of the protagonist that eventually leads to the final catastrophe.	94
8477654165	Hubris	Tragedy The sin par excellence of the tragic or over aspiring hero. Though it is usually translated as pride, it is better understood as a sort of insolent daring, a haughty overstepping of cultural codes or ethical boundaries.	95
8477654166	Nemesis	Tragedy The inevitable punishment or cosmic payback for acts of hubris.	96
8477654167	Peripeteia	A pivotal or crucial action on the part of the protagonist that changes his situation from seemingly secure to vulnerable.	97
8477654168	Hegelian Tragedy	Tragedy A situation in which two rights or values are in fatal conflict.	98
8477654169	Plot	The pattern that results from the events in a story and the order in which they are presented.	99
8477654170	Expostition	Plot Introduction of characters and setting (The status quo)	100
8477654171	Conflict	Plot Most plots involve this, either external or internal as the characters participate in a series of actions.	101
8477654172	Rising Action	Plot The increase in tension in a story.	102
8477654173	Climax	Plot The highest point of tension in a story. This is when the protagonist makes a decision for better or worse.	103
8477654174	Falling Action	Plot The release of tension in a story.	104
8477654175	Dénouement	Plot How the story turns out.	105
8477654176	Point of View	The vantage point from which the author chooses to tell the story.	106
8477654177	1st Person Subjective	Point of View Told from the point of view of a single character, normally the protagonist.	107
8477654178	2nd Person Perspective	Point of View Rare form of literature which places the reader into the narrative.	108
8477654179	3rd Person Omniscient	Point of View Story narrated by a god like being who can shift from character to character.	109
8477654180	3rd Person Limited	Point of View Story is portrayed through the eyes of a single character.	110
8477654181	Unobtrusive Narrator	Types of Narrator There is no commentary from the Narrator.	111
8477654182	Unreliable Narrator	Types of Narrator A Narrator who seems trustworthy at first, but the reader starts to question the validity of the story being told.	112
8477654183	The 5 Branches Of Philosophy	• Metaphysics • Epistemology • Ethics • Politics • Aesthetics	113
8477654184	Philosophy	A love of knowledge.	114
8477654185	Metaphysics	Type of Philosophy Rising above or beyond existence. The study of existence.	115
8477654186	Epistemology	Type of Philosophy A study of how we know about the universe	116
8477654187	Ethics	Type of Philosophy How do we act in the world? The study of morality	117
8477654188	Politics	Type of Philosophy Ethics applied to a group of people	118
8477654189	Aesthetics	Type of Philosophy The study of beauty	119
8477654190	Zeitgeist	Type of Ism The spirit of the times. The general philosophic, cultural, and artistic climate of an era	120
8477654191	Blank Verse	Rhythm An Unrhymed iambic pentameter	121
8477654192	Internal Rhyme	Type of Sound Happens in the middle of a line of poetry.	122
8483312661	Caesura	Break in a verse where one phrase ends and the following phrase begins	123
8483337466	Kennings	a compound expression in Old English and Old Norse poetry with metaphorical meaning, e.g., oar-steed = ship.	124
8483355259	4 elements to setting	- Emotional setting - Sensual setting - Societal setting - Time (chronology)	125
8483365580	4 major types of existentialism	- Moral Individualism (one must choose their own way) - Subjectivity (understanding of someone in a sit. is superior) - Choice and Commitment (each human being makes choices that shapes their own nature, uniqueness) - Dread and Anxiety (anxiety = nothingness = don't worry mane)	126
8483441668	Telological	Sees purpose in ends rather than stated causes, making the outcome the actual cause	127
8483471138	Cacophony	Harsh mixture of sounds	128
8483473054	Euphony	Pleasant to the ear	129
8483476974	Canto	Subdivision or part in a narrative or epic poem, consisting of five or more lines such, as a stanza, which could also be a canto.	130
8483513828	Sestina	A poem with six stanzas of six lines and a final triplet, all stanzas having the same six words at the line-ends in six different sequences that follow a fixed pattern, and with all six words appearing in the closing three-line envoi.	131
8483519081	Epistolary	Story written in letters	132
8483521585	Allegory	A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.	133
8483523735	In Medias Re	Story begins in the middle.	134