AP World History 10 Flashcards

4265377529	English Commonwealth	period in English history where the nation had no monarch; began w/ execution of Charles I and ended w/ restoration of Charles II; led by Oliver Cromwell	0
4265377530	European exploration	voyages to new territories by European navigators in the 15th century,	1
4265377531	Floating Empires	Portuguese and the Spanish set out to sea, controlled many major shipping routes	2
4265377532	Goa, India	island off the coast of India that was the base of Portuguese trade	3
4265377533	Gutenberg's Printing Press	this invention helped to promote the Reformation and increased European literacy	4
4265377534	Hacienda system	similar to the feudal system, Natives got money and had to buy their products from their owners	5
4265377535	Hapsburg Spain	Charles V was the king here and this is where counter reformation was strongest.	6
4265377536	Henry Tudor	also known as Henry VII, victor of the War of the Roses, Lancasterian	7
4265377537	heliocentric theory	planets revolve around the sun	8
4265377538	huguenots	French Protestants	9
4265377539	Indulgences	remission of the punishment for sin by the clergy in return for services or payments	10
4265377540	Jannissary Corps	Christian boys who were taken by the Muslim Ottomans to train and serve in the military. They often converted to Islam as they lost all Christian influence.	11
4265377541	Jesuit Order	a Roman Catholic order founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 to defend Catholicism against the Reformation and to do missionary work among the heathen	12
4265377542	Law of Heavenly Bodies	Copernicus believed that heavenly bodies were in constant rotation	13
4265377543	Martin Luther	German theologian who led the Reformation	14
4265377544	Louis XIV	king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715)	15
4265377545	Qing Dynasty	the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries; during the Qing dynasty China was ruled by the Manchu	16
4265377546	Peter the Great	ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia	17
4265377547	Philip II of Spain	this was the king who started the success of Spain's foreign colonies	18
4265377548	Potosi Silver Mine	silver mine in the interior of South America; great silver mountain that would bring Spanish wealth	19
4265377549	Protestant Reformation	a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches	20
4265377550	Roman Catholic Church	the Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy	21
4265377551	Scientific Methods	a series of steps followed to solve problems, including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions	22
4265377552	Scientific Revolution	an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method	23
4265377553	Silver (Single) Whip System	1581, imposed by Chief Grand Secretary Zhang Juzheng ordered that all land taxes in China must be paid in silver; this reform monetized the Chinese tax system	24
4265377554	Straits of Malacca	well-traveled stretch of water between Malaysia and Indonesia used for trade along the Spice Route	25
4265377555	Suleiman the Magnificent	The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire, 'The Lawgiver.' he expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean.	26
4265377556	Thirty Years War	this was the international war between the Protestants and Catholics that eventually ended religious conflicts in Europe	27
4265377557	Tokugawa Shogunate	Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences	28
4265377558	Treaty of Westphalia	1648, ended the 30 Year War and created the state system.	29
4265377559	The Vatican	the palace in Rome in which the Pope lives; the control center of the Roman Catholic Church	30
4265377560	Zheng He	Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia	31
4265377561	95 Theses	written by Martin Luther and is widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation.	32
4265377562	absolutism	a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)	33
4265377563	Anglican Church	church that King Henry VIII of England creates so that he can marry and divorce as he pleases	34
4265377564	Tycho Brahe	(1546-1601) established himself as Europe's foremost astronomer of his day; detailed observations of new star of 1572.	35
4265377565	Miguel de Cervantes	Spanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form	36
4265377566	Nicholas Copernicus	He thought that the sun was the center & the plants went around the sun in circles	37
4265377567	"early modern" period	the time period of 1450 - 1750 (it is called this because events occurring in this time directly shape regional/political units of todays world)	38
4265377568	empirical evidence	scientific evidence obtained by careful observation and experimentation	39
4265377569	English Civil War	conflict from 1640-1660; religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues (the powers of the monarch); ended w/ restoration of the monarch following execution of previous king	40
4265377570	Enlightenment	a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions	41
4265377571	Galileo	Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars	42
4265377572	Gunpowder Empires	Muslim empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and the Mughals that employed cannonry and gunpowder to advance their military causes.	43
4265377573	Johann Gutenberg	German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)	44
4265377574	joint-stock companies	businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses	45
4265377575	Johannes Kepler	German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)	46
4265377576	land-based powers	governments controlled lands by building armies, bureaucracies, and roads, etc. that unified regions	47
4265377577	sea-based powers	nations who built larger empires by controlling sea routes and colonies	48
4265377578	Leonardo da Vinci	A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, and scientist. Known for the Mona Lisa.	49