Biochemistry Flashcards

4706953899	Organic Compound	Compounds that contain Carbon atoms; carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids	0
4706953901	Inorganic Compound	Compounds that do not contain carbon atoms (exceptions are CO2, CO)	1
4706954098	Carbonyl Group	Makes a compound hydrophilic and polar; examples: aldehyde (C=O at end of chain) and ketone (C=O anywhere but end of chain)	2
4706954099	Carboxyl Group	Carbonyl group with an -OH at the end; found in amino acids	3
4706954100	Hydroxyl Group	Present in compounds known as alcohols; structure: R-OH	4
4706954537	Phosphate Group	Serves as a cellular energy source (ADP, ATP, GDP, GTP)	5
4706954868	Homeostasis	Maintaining a balance; steady state of the body	6
4706954869	Lipid	Organic compound used by cells as long-term energy stores or insulation; hydrophobic/nonpolar	7
4706954870	Fats	Effective means of storing energy	8
4706954880	Saturated Fat	Contain no double bonds (animal fat); solid at room temperature	9
4706955125	Unsaturated Fat	Contain one or more double bonds (plant fat); liquid at room temperature	10
4706955126	Steroid	Lipid composed of 4 carbon rings; cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen	11
4706955127	Phospholipid	Lipid formed by combining a glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate group; found in cell membranes	12
4706955467	Monosaccharide	Simplest carbohydrate; glucose	13
4706955468	Disaccharide	Carbohydrate consisting of 2 monosaccharides linked together; sucrose, maltose, lactose	14
4706956130	Polysaccharide	Carbohydrate containing 3 or more monosaccharides linked together; starch, cellulose, chitin	15
4706956131	Protein Primary Structure	Order of the amino acids that make up the protein	16
4706956724	Protein Secondary Structure	Three-dimensional arrangement of a protein caused by hydrogen bonding at regular intervals along the polypeptide backbone	17
4706956725	Protein Tertiary Structure	Three-dimensional arrangement of a protein caused by interaction among the various R-groups of the amino acids involved	18
4706957860	Protein Quaternary Structure	Arrangement of the separate polypeptide subunits into a single protein	19
4706956987	Enzyme	Protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place	20
4706956988	pH Number Scale	Scale to measure pH as acid or alkaline; runs from 0-14	21
4706957409	Hydrolysis Reaction	A reaction that breaks down compounds by the addition of water	22
4706958132	Dehydration Reaction	A reaction in which 2 compounds are brought together with water released as a product	23
4706958299	Endergonic Reaction	A reaction that requires the input of energy to occur	24
4706958300	Exergonic Reaction	A reaction that gives off energy as a product	25
4706958481	Redox Reaction	A reaction involving the transfer of electrons	26
4706958482	Amylase	Enzyme that digests carbohydrates; found in pancreas and salivary glands	27
4706958483	Pepsin	Enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides; found in small intestine and stomach lining	28
4706958616	Lipase	Enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids; found in pancreas	29
4706958617	Trypsin	Enzyme that works with chymotrypsin to break down peptides to amino acids; found in pancreas	30
4706958750	Chymotrypsin	Enzyme that works with trypsin to break down peptides to amino acids; found in pancreas	31