AP Language Midterm Vocabulary Flashcards

5563566488	ambivalent	of two minds, undecided	0
5563567999	antipathetic	repulsed, feeling or expressing hostility	1
5563571148	didactic	instructive, esp. "moralizing"	2
5563574882	doleful	mournful, dismal, sad, dejected, woeful, despondent	3
5563578367	enjoining	forceful, prohibiting or forbidding, imposing	4
5563581647	insouciant	carefree, indifferent, calm, and unbothered	5
5563583502	lugubrious	mournful, dismal, sad, dejected, woeful, despondent	6
5563586435	pedantic	unnecessarily focused on trivial or insignificant or dull facts, arcane	7
5563595874	polemical	argumentative, esp. against a philosophy, religion	8
5563601068	querulous	whiny, complaining, petulant	9
5563603058	sardonic	disdainfully sarcastic, mocking, derisive	10
5563610885	conflate	combine (2 or more texts) into one	11
5563621083	scare tactic	stampedes legitimate fears into panic or prejudice	12
5563623168	either/or fallacy	reduces a complex issue into only 2 choices	13
5563628300	slippery slope	casts today's tiny misstep as tomorrow's slide into disaster	14
5563634580	sentimental appeal	uses tender emotions excessively to distract from facts	15
5563637803	bandwagon appeal	urges people to follow the same path everyone else is taking	16
5563643046	false authority	cites themselves or other authorities	17
5563648396	dogmatism	attempts to persuade by asserting or assuming that a particular position is the only one conceivably acceptable within a community	18
5563664336	moral equivalence	suggests that serious wrongdoings don't differ from minor offenses (or visa versa)	19
5563670333	ad hominem	attacks the character of a person rather than the claims he/she makes	20
5563673547	hasty generalization	infers from insufficient evidence	21
5563677294	faulty causality	assumes that because one event or action follows another, the first causes the second	22
5563680527	begging the question, circular reasoning	assumes as true the very claim that's disputed	23
5563684272	equivocation	uses tricks of language and half-truth	24
5563690293	nonsequitur	makes claims that fail to connect logically	25
5563692007	straw man	misrepresents the argument of the other side to make it easy to knock down	26
5563695331	faulty analogy	pushes comparisons to far	27
5563700200	acerbic	bitter, caustic, barbed, cutting	28
5563702230	reverent	deferential, worshipful, respectful	29
5563703906	condescending	patronizing, haughty, arrogant	30
5563712789	judicious	sensible, cautious	31
5563712790	sobering	making someone give serious thought to important things	32
5563715214	invective	diatribe, attack, abuse, criticism	33
5563717378	esoteric	obscure, cryptic, arcane, mysterious	34
5563720815	opprobrious	critical, scornful, contemptuous, disgraceful, shameful	35
5563742350	repugnance	disgust, revulsion	36
5563746777	raillery	humorous, playful, or friendly ridiculing of someone	37
5563755563	ad populum (bandwagon appeal)	latin for "to the people," this fallacy occurs when evidence used to defend an argument boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do."	38
5563811630	allegory	a literary work that portrays that abstract ideas concretely	39
5563818156	alliteration	repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words or syllable in sequences	40
5563832078	allusion	brief reference to a person, an event, or a place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art	41
5563842529	analogy	a comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things	42
5563850882	anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines	43
5563855318	anecdote	brief story used to illustrate a point or claim	44
5563857685	annotation	the taking of notes directly on a text	45
5563883273	antimetable	repetition of words in reverse order	46
5563885372	antithesis	opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction	47
5563893265	apostrophe	a direct address to an abstraction, a thing, an animal, or an imaginary or absent person	48
5563899630	appeal to false authority	this fallacy occurs when someone who has no credibility to speak on an issue is cited as an authority.	49
5563936702	archaic diction	old-fashioned or outdated choice of words	50
5563948675	argument	a process of reasoned inquiry.	51
5563950756	assertion	a statement that presents a claim or thesis	52
5563954849	assonance	the repetition of vowel sounds in a sequence of words	53
5563957849	asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	54
5563976186	audience	the listener, viewer, or reader of a text	55
5563980397	backing	further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority	56
5563992310	begging the question	a fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt	57
5564003553	bias	a prejudice or preconceived notion that prevents a person from approaching a topic in a neutral or an objective way	58
5564013489	blank verse	rhymed iambic pentameter	59
5564019183	caesura	a pause within a line of poetry, sometimes punctuated, sometimes not, that often mirrors natural speech	60
5564030980	characterization	the method by which author builds, or reveals, a character; it can be direct or indirect	61
5564039667	circular reasoning	a fallacy in which the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence	62
5564043126	claim	also called an assertion or proposition, a claim states the argument's main idea or position	63
5564220558	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true	64
5564226469	claim of policy	proposes a change	65
5564228605	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	66
5564233318	classical oration	five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians.	67
5564241682	introduction	introduces the reader to the subject under discussion	68
5564243722	narration	provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing	69
5564248349	confirmation	usually the major part of the text, the confirmation includes the proof needed to make the writer's case	70
5564256064	refutation	addresses the counterargument	71
5564258002	conclusion	brings the essay to satisfying close	72
5564265747	closed thesis	statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make	73
5564269558	complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	74
5564273989	compound sentence	a sentence that includes at least two independent clause	75
5564287047	concession	an acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasoning	76
5564292482	connotation	meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation	77
5564303524	context	the circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text	78
5564309365	counterargument	an opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward	79
5564315204	counterargument thesis	type of thesis statement that includes a brief counterargument	80
5564323305	cumulative sentence	a sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	81
5564326490	deduction	logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth and applying it to a specific case	82
5564332304	diction	a speaker's choice of words	83
5564335970	ekphrasis	art or writing comments on another genre	84
5564355401	enjambment	a poetic technique in which one line ends without a pause and continues to the next line to complete its meaning also referred to as a "run-on line"	85
5564364755	enthymeme	essentially, a syllogism with one of the premises implied and taken for granted as true	86
5564367291	epigram	a short, witty statement designed to surprise an audience or a reader	87
5564369895	epigraph	a quotation preceding a work of literature that helps set the text's mood or suggests its themes	88
5564377411	equivocation	a fallacy that uses a term with two or more meanings in an attempt to misrepresent or deceive	89
5564392036	ethos	Greek for "character"	90
5564393725	eulogy	a poem, speech, or another work written in great praise of something or someone	91
5564405178	faulty analogy	a fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares not comparable	92
5564410514	figurative language	non literal language, often evoking strong imagery, sometimes referred to as a trope	93
5564432813	first-hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows, whether from personal experience, observation, or general knowledge of events	94
5564442351	form	refers to defining structural characteristics of work, especially a poem	95
5564447520	hasty generalization	a fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence	96
5564459019	hortative sentence	sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action	97
5564463548	hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or an ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point	98
5564481863	iambic pentameter	an iamb, the most common metrical foot in English poetry, is made up of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one	99
5564494122	imagery	a description of how something looks, feels, tastes, smells, or sounds	100
5564503932	imperative sentence	sentence used to command or enjoin	101
5564508030	induction (generalization)	logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion	102
5564514882	inversion	inverted order of words in a sentence	103
5564516471	dramatic irony	tension created by the contrast between what a characters says or thinks and what the audience or readers know to be true	104
5564528747	situational irony	a discrepancy between what is expected and what actually happens	105
5564531809	verbal irony	figure of speech that occurs when a speaker or character says one thing but means something else or when what is said is opposite of what is expected	106
5564539049	juxtaposition	placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences	107
5564542931	logical fallacies	often arise form a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and evidence to support it	108
5564556389	logos	Greek for "embodied thought"	109
5564558434	metaphor	figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as	110
5564561345	meter	formal, regular organization of stressed and unstressed syllables, measured in feet	111