AP Psychology: Thinking & Language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 5980338194 | Algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem | 0 | |
| 5980338204 | Availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common | 1 | |
| 5980338214 | Babbling stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language | 2 | |
| 5980338200 | Belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. | 3 | |
| 5980338192 | Concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | 4 | |
| 5980338197 | Confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions | 5 | |
| 5980365893 | Creativity | the use of the imagination or original ideas, especially in the production of an artistic work. | 6 | |
| 5980338206 | Framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments | 7 | |
| 5980338202 | Functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving | 8 | |
| 5980338211 | Grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others | 9 | |
| 5980338195 | Heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 398) | 10 | |
| 5980338196 | Insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem | 11 | |
| 5980338208 | Language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning | 12 | |
| 5980338201 | Intuition | knowing or sensing something without the use of reason; an insight | 13 | |
| 5980338199 | Mental set | A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem | 14 | |
| 5980392831 | Linguistic determinism | the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. The term implies that people of different languages have different thought processes. | 15 | |
| 5980338210 | Morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) | 16 | |
| 5980338198 | Fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving | 17 | |
| 5980338215 | One-word stage | the stage in speech development, from about 1 to 2, during which a childspeaks mostly in single words. | 18 | |
| 5980338205 | Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments | 19 | |
| 5980338209 | Phoneme | in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit | 20 | |
| 5980338203 | Representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information | 21 | |
| 5980338212 | Semantics | The study of meaning in language. | 22 | |
| 5980338213 | Syntax | studies of the rules for forming admissible sentences | 23 | |
| 5980338217 | Telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words | 24 | |
| 5980338193 | Prototype | a mental image or best example of a category | 25 | |
| 5980338216 | Two-word stage | Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements. | 26 |