AP Language Midterm Flashcards

8595124469	SOAPSTONE	S-speaker O-occation A-audience P-purpose S-subject Tone-the tone	0
8595128142	Rhetorical Triangle	Vertex - Speaker Base Angle 1 - Message Base Angle 2 - Audience Overall Triangle - Purpose	1
8595484262	Ethos	the appeal to credibility	2
8595484263	Logos	the appeal to logic	3
8595484264	Pathos	the appeal to emotion	4
8603424093	Four modes of discourse	1. narration - a story 2. description - impression of something 3. exposition - giving information 4. argumentation - to persuade	5
8644482972	Narration	telling a story	6
8644485240	Description	presents factual information about a topic	7
8644487481	Exposition	set out an idea in a clear and objective manner; telling about something without bias	8
8644492255	Argumentation	attempt to persuade a reader of the writer's viewpoint	9
8603426130	Four Types of Sentences	1. imperative - command 2. declarative - giving information 3. interrogative - presenting a question 4. exclamatory - excited state	10
8603430792	The Five Canons of Rhetoric	1. invention - layout ideas 2. arrangement - organize 3. style - diction, syntax, tone, etc. 4. memory - make writing stand out (pattens, alliteration, etc.) 5. delivery - fluency of syntax	11
8644467802	Invention	selection of patterns best for the writer's purpose -analogy -cause and effect -classification or division -comparison and contrast -definition -example or illustration -process analysis	12
8644467803	Arrangement	organization of writing or speech -cause and effect -chronological -comparison and contrast -flash back or flash foward -general to specific (or specific to general) -least to most important (or most to least) -spatial	13
8644467804	Style	artful expression of ideas -detail -diction -figures of speech -imagery -syntax -tone	14
8644470227	Memory	devices that make speech or writing memorable -acronym -pattern of three -repetition	15
8644470228	Delivery	conscious use of gesture, expression, and pacing	16
8603463767	Voice	-persona the reader hears in the writing -overall sense we hear in style	17
8603463768	Syntax	deliberate sentence structure the author chooses to make his or her desired point --sentence length --functional --grammatical --rhetorical	18
8644989984	Parallel Structure (Parallelism)	-refers to a grammatical or structural similarity between sentences or parts of a sentence -involves an arrangements of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs so that elements of equal importance are equally developed and similarly phrased ex). He was walking, running, and jumping for joy.	19
8645008621	Antithesis	contrasting words, phrases, or clauses that are placed next to each other ex). It was the worst of times, it was the best of times	20
8645024004	Rhetorical Question	-a question which expects no answer -used to draw attention to a point and is generally stronger than a direct statement ex). If Mr. Ferchoff is always fair, as you have said, why did he refuse to listen to Mrs. Baldwin's arguments?	21
8603466243	Diction	word choice by the writer in order to achieve their purpose and give the reader a certain understanding of the text	22
8603466244	Tone	the writers attitude toward a subject ex). nostalgic, argumentative, direct	23
8603466245	Imagery	SENSORY words or phrases that paint a picture in the audience's mind	24
8603466246	Claim	-thesis -proposition of which you want to convey to your audience -something is true or not true -something does or does not have worth -something should or should not be done	25
8603466247	Concession	acknowledging a valid opinion of the opposition	26
8603467708	Rebuttal	refuting the points of the opposition	27
8603467709	Qualifier	-limits the scope of your argument (avoiding extreme language- such as never and always) -a term that makes a statement less general or extreme -making your opinion easier to support	28
8606141230	Take a position on the relationship...	state a claim develop and support do not merely have a thesis that is an observation make sure the paper matches the thesis -policy (should) -value	29
8606170974	If you clarify your thesis...	the reader will give a better grade, as long as it is backed up	30
8606175318	Generalizations are...	NO GOOD show distinct facts that are true do not make stuff up	31
8606228258	Examples	it is better to make less if they are more developed, compared to more that is listed and do not connect the dots COMPELING EVIDENCE	32
8606240715	Conclusion	FINISH IT plan to finish need to conclude in an orderly fashion to wrap up the essay with a nice bow	33
8606585560	The purpose of rhetoric is to evoke a response from the reader	TRUE this is the heart of rhetoric -- make them do something	34
8606610895	The following is an acceptable thesis: "The [writer] uses rhetorical strategies to achieve he purpose"	FALSE -name the strategies -never say "the writer uses rhetorical strategies" -be clear of the purpose	35
8606624717	In rhetorical analysis, one should identify the most unique and interesting features of a piece of writing	FALSE -don't ignore the obvious -look at dominate features -even the most obvious strategies relate to the purpose, so talk about it	36
8606644060	It's acceptable to address the SOAPSTONE elements solely in the introduction, as long as you specifically address them all.	FALSE -these are key to the foundation of the piece, so must be used throughout -purpose is the most important and must be related in each paragraph	37
8606663789	It is preferable to identify fewer rhetorical strategies and tie them all back to the writer's purpose than addressing twice as many features	TRUE connect the dots	38
8606672651	The following terms should not be introduced by writing, "the writer uses___" : diction, syntax, tone, voice, pathos, ethos, or logos	TRUE	39
8606681027	It is acceptable to write, "The writer appeals to pathos" as long as one backs it up with evidence of emotion	FALSE -never use this form of introduction of a strategy -better to say : "the writer appeals to the passion, nostalgia, etc. to evoke ____"	40
8606693666	One must always explain the effect of a writer's rhetorical choice he/she is choosing to write about	TRUE	41
8606697204	If the rhetor chooses to leave something out, then one should probably not write about it either	FALSE -the writer chose to leave it out for a reason, so why did he/she do it? -analyze what the leave out does -connects to the purpose	42
8606706636	One should look for pattern when reading for analysis	TRUE	43
8606711656	It is a good idea to read just enough of the passage to find enough rhetorical strategies to analyze	FALSE read the entire passage	44
8606722231	One should avoid: stating that a passage is difficult to understand, explaining that a writer used a strategy to gain the attention of or engage the reader, or writing about the strategies "that stood out the most"	TRUE	45
8606727094	If a student uses more linking verbs than active verbs overall, he/she probably will not earn a six for the essay	FALSE -a student could use only linking verbs and still get a good grade -the grade depends on a holistic view, decision on the rest of language as well	46
8606737680	The word "should" typically indicates an argument is being made	TRUE -there are some exceptions, but the word indicates an opinion is being made and defended	47
8606741709	One should explicitly state one's conclusion in an argument essay	TRUE	48
8606750743	One should use adverbs like "always" and "never" to nearly state one's opinion	FALSE -never use extreme language like this	49
8606750745	One should avoid clarifying the question at the heart of the issue in order to frame the argument in accordance with one's own opinion	FALSE show the connection	50
8606764136	It is necessary to consider opposing arguments in persuasive argument	TRUE	51
8606771999	It is appropriate to find common ground and identify shared values in persuasive writing	TRUE	52
8606778172	Making concession weakens ones argument by creating a sense of vulnerability	FALSE they are good	53
8606782571	Personal observations and experience are fine in a class debate, but they should be avoided in an AP Exam essay	FALSE they are welcomed as long as they are developed and effectively prove your thesis	54
8606791169	You should not insult the reader's intelligence by explaining how every piece of evidence connects to your main claim	False -you need to explain everything -it is not an insult	55
8606800298	As long as you convey your passion, it is acceptable to speak in broad, unsupported generalization	FALSE -must be explicitly clear -specific evidence in lesser quantities is better than a list of babble	56
8606812095	As long as you can identify and define the more intelligent answer of the AP exam argument question, you'll score at least a six	FALSE -it is your own opinion -defend your position -it cannot be wrong unless you are unsuccessful in defending	57
8606822011	Conjunctive adverbs, such as furthermore, therefore, consequently, in contrast, etc., make a writer sound conceited and should be avoided	FALSE -they are essential -they show you are extending a thought -they show the ideas are connecting	58
8606831534	Argument writing woks best when you treat it like a math test and show your thinking step by step	TRUE connect the dots	59
8645042497	Exordium	the introduction of a speech, where one announces the subject and purpose of the discourse, and where ones usually employs the persuasive appeal of ethos in order to establish credibility with the audience	60
8645048474	Narratio	-following the exordium -the speaker provides a narrative account of what has happened and generally explains the nature of the case -followed by propositio (summary of the issues or a statement of the charge)	61
8645061828	Partitio/Divisio	-following narration -the speaker outlines what will follow, in accordance with what's been stated as the status or point at issue in the case -blended with propositio and assists memory	62
8645073479	Confirmatio	-following partition -main body of the speech where one offers logical arguments as proof -appeal to logos is emphasized	63
8645081784	Refutatio	-following confirmatio -devoted to answering the counterarguments of one's opponent	64
8645086231	Peroratio	-following refutatio -conventionally employed appeals through pathos, and often included a summing up	65