AP World History Chapter 12 Flashcards

5768262310	The Mongol life was...	pastoral	0
5768262311	Mongol leader was...	the Khan who had his decisions ratified by the council	1
5768262312	Menial work in Mongol camps was done by...	slaves	2
5768262313	Mongols accepted...	religious pluralism, virtually all Mongols observed shamanism	3
5768262314	First under Genghis Khan were in...	China	4
5768262315	Batu conquered Rus' in...	1236 - later became known as the Golden Horde	5
5768262316	Khubilai was rejected as the	Great Khan	6
5768262317	Khubilai then formed the...	Yuan Empire	7
5768262318	This caused major...	divisions among Mongols	8
5768262319	To maintain control of vast areas, the Mongols formed...	different khanates	9
5768262320	Factors to Mongol military supremacy (1):	Superior riding skills	10
5768262321	Factors to Mongol military supremacy (2):	Technically proficient bows	11
5768262322	Factors to Mongol military supremacy (3):	Flaming arrows	12
5768262323	Factors to Mongol military supremacy (4):	Catapults to hurl projectiles - often flaming	13
5768262324	Narratives such as Marco Polo's created...	a European ambition to find easier routes to Asia	14
5768262325	One of the most significant effects of Mongol trade routes was the...	spread of disease including the plague	15
5768262326	Religious differences resulted in a conflict between...	the Il-khans and the Golden Horde	16
5768262327	The Golden Horde formed an alliance with...	Egyptian Mamluks	17
5768262328	In 1295, the Il-khan ruler Ghazan converted to...	Islam	18
5768262329	Tax farming is the sale of...	tax-collecting contracts to small corporations	19
5768262330	As the Il-khan and the Golden Horde declined in the 14th Century, Timur, the last Central Asian conqueror...	attacked the Muslim sultanate of Delhi in 1398	20
5768262331	Timur was...	trying to be the new Genghis Khan	21
5768262332	Rashid al-Din attempted to write the...	first world history	22
5768262333	Iran and China shared...	artistic trends and political ideas	23
5768262334	This resulted in...	an emerging culture in Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia	24
5768262335	There was significant transmission/sharing scientific knowledge like...	eclipse predictions and tables	25
5768262336	Nasir al-Din Tusi known for his contributions in...	mathematical development in algebra and trigonometry	26
5768262337	The significant scientific discoveries in Islamic scholars were translated by (1):	Arabic scholars	27
5768262338	The significant scientific discoveries in Islamic scholars were translated by (2):	Byzantine monks into the Greek language	28
5768262339	The significant scientific discoveries in Islamic scholars were translated by (3):	Christian scholars in Spain into the Latin language	29
5768262340	The significant scientific discoveries in Islamic scholars were translated by (4):	Indian scholars in Delhi, India into the Sanskrit language	30
5768262341	Mongol conquest devastated...	Kievan Russia	31
5768262342	The main goal of the Golden Horde was...	getting money from taxes	32
5768262343	Alexander Nevskii...	Russian prince advocated cooperation with the Mongols to avoid destructive assimilation.	33
5768262344	Ivan III was the first to use the term...	"Tsar"	34
5768262345	Economic problems Russia saw during the time of Mongol domination (1):	Overzealous tax collection by Russian princes	35
5768262346	Economic problems Russia saw during the time of Mongol domination (2):	Burden of taxation carried by the peasantry	36
5768262347	Economic problems Russia saw during the time of Mongol domination (3):	Attempt to introduce paper money by Mongols	37
5768262348	Economic problems Russia saw during the time of Mongol domination (4):	Direct exchange of goods rather than purchases in currency	38
5768262349	Mongol armies consisted of a...	multinational force with Mongol leaders	39
5768262350	Serbian King is..	Stephen Dushan	40
5768262351	Stephen Dushan proclaimed himself king of the:	Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians and Albanians	41
5768262352	Mongols taught the European about (1):	Movable type and bronze cannon	42
5768262353	Mongols taught the European about (2):	Gunpowder and high-temperature metallurgy	43
5768262354	Mongols taught the European about (3):	Coal mining and higher mathematics	44
5768262355	Mongols taught the European about (4):	Diplomatic passports	45
5768262356	In 1453, the Ottomans conquered the important Christian city of...	Constantinople	46
5768262357	Mongol rulers in China were increasingly influenced by...	the idea of a universal ruler - modeled by religious leaders from Tibet	47
5768262358	Benefits of Mongol rule in the Yuan Empire:	Secure trade routes, exchange of technical expertise between the East and West, and transmission of knowledge and skills	48
5768262359	Mongol permanently reunited China after...	a prolonged period of political fragmentation	49
5768262360	The Yuan tax administration relied on administrators from:	Persia, Arabia, and Uighur	50
5768262361	Social ranking by law:	First were the Mongols Second: Central Asians/Middle Easterners Third: northern Chinese Finally the southern Chinese	51
5768262362	Mongols restored a degree of economic stability caused by...	the paper money by cutting off trade with Japan...cut off the flow of copper exports	52
5768262363	Rise of cities in Yan China caused...	increasing influence of Mandarin	53
5768262364	Reliance on provincial production of goods not urban centralization =	cottage industry	54
5768262365	Mongol rule created a hardship and a sharp population decrease in China:	Migration and flooding of the Yellow River, warfare, bubonic plague, and female infanticide	55
5768262366	Chinese silk and porcelains affected the elite...	tastes at the western end of the Silk Road	56
5768262367	Il-khan.....	engineering, astronomy, and mathematics reached China and Korea	57
5768262368	Mongol-protected trade routes encouraged a steady...	exchange of scientific and cultural ideas	58
5768262369	Internal strife weakened the...	Yuan Empire which fell to the Ming in 1368	59
5768262370	Many Mongols remained in...	China	60
5768262371	Mongols took on...	Chinese names and became part of the diverse cultural world of China	61
5768262372	Rejection of the Mongols - the Ming emperors severed relations with the...	Middle East & Central Asia and closed the borders to foreigners	62
5768262373	Yongle had to trade by way of the...	sea - put an emphasis on trade by ships	63
5768262374	The emperor Yongle improved the..	imperial complex - The Forbidden City, built by the Mongols	64
5768262375	Slowdown of technology after Yongle's death due to the...	limitation of the mining industry	65
5768262376	Economic decline included:	Decreased production of metal, lack of commercial development, re-emphasis of the classic examination system, and switch to growing staple crops	66
5768262377	Literature - vernacular novels like...	Water Margin and Romance of the Three Kingdoms	67
5768262378	Porcelain -	one of the most prized commercial products of Eurasia	68
5768262379	Korea seen as crucial to...	choke off the sea trade of Mongol's enemies	69
5768262380	Koryo family became attached and loyal to the...	Mongols	70
5768262381	Korea profited from new technologies such as:	cotton, gunpowder, astronomy, calendar making and celestial clocks	71
5768262382	Mechanized production in Yi Korea -	cotton which was a cash crop and movable-type font	72
5768262383	Rise of literacy - combination of...	improved printing system and the han'gul writing system.	73
5768262384	Defensive military techniques -	- cannon with gunpowder-driven arrow launchers.	74
5768262385	Japan only major East Asia area not under...	Mongol domination	75
5768262386	A storm prevented the Mongols from establishing a base in...	Japan - storm called "Kamikaze - Divine Wind"- wind of the gods	76
5768262387	Japanese military government spent time building...	coastal defenses	77
5768262388	The warring states of Vietnam avoided Mongol conquest but...	paid tribute to the Yuan Empire	78
5768262389	Ming concentrated on...	Mongol challenges	79
5768262390	Annam terminated...	Champa's independence	80
5768262391	Annam annexed...	Champa and established a unified state	81