AP Language And Composition Terminology Flashcards

4798225649	Appeals (Ethical, Emotional, Logical) "Rhetorical Triangle"	Ethical (Ethos) = Moral character; A means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader. Emotional (Pathos) = Emotion; A quality of an experience in life or a work of art that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy, and sorrow. Logical (Logos) = Reason or logic; A statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic; Provide concrete evidence to support your claims.	0
4798230413	Argument	A brief summary; An opening to a novel which presents presents the main theme of the work; Presenting evidence.	1
4798245439	Defend, Challenge, Qualify	Defend = Support = Agree Challenge = Argue = Disagree Qualify = Defending and Challenging	2
4798283400	Discourse	A costume or set of instructions that make us recognizable; A combination of acts. Primary Discourse = Home and Families Secondary Discourse = Social institutions Secondary Dominant Discourse = Allow for acquisition of social good and status points Secondary Nondominant Discourse = Opposite of Dominant	3
4798294312	Rhetoric	The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.	4
4798323004	Rhetorical Devices	A technique that an author or speaker uses to convey to the listener or reader a meaning with a goal of persuading him or her towards considering a topic from a different perspective, using sentences designed to encourage or provoke a rational argument from an emotional display of a given perspective or action; Alliteration, allusion, foreshadowing, hyperbole, metaphor, onomatopoeia, personification, simile, etc.	5
4798333902	Rhetorical Modes	A common pattern of argument; Give you ready-made approaches to writing essays. Types = Example/Illustration, Classification, Comparison and Contrast, and Analogy	6
4798808481	Semantics	The meaning of the vocabulary in a sentence. Correct semantics may not have perfect syntax.	7
4801736421	Style	The literary element the describes the ways that the author uses words; The author's word choice, sentence structure, figurative language, and sentence arrangement all work together to establish mood, images, and meaning in the text.	8
4798815847	Thesis	Clearly communicate, in one or two sentences, the main idea of what you want your audience to know. All theses should be debatable, take a clear position on the prompt, and be specific as possible. A debatable thesis shows a side that is obviously one of two or more sides. A clear position for your thesis shows you are 100% agreeing with one side. A specific thesis gets right into the in-depth details that will be discussed in the essay and leaves no room for wondering.	9
4801742492	Connotation	The feelings or emotions attached to a word; Negative and positive connotation are determined on the usage of a word in a sentence.	10
4801744348	Denotation	The literal meaning of a word	11
4801749967	Diction	How an author chooses words to best communicate their point of view; What word is best suited for the sentence?; The choice of one word over another. Formal Diction = Creates elevated tone; Fancy. Informal Diction = Relaxed, conversational language. Strong Diction = Sophisticated words. Weak Diction = Overused, boring words.	12
4801771954	Ellipsis	"Dot dot dot" (...) 1. Could mean that the writer has paused their thought process. 2. Could mean that words have been omitted from a piece of text. Formatting Rules: Three dots; Space between, before, and after dots; Stays on one line; Breaks up a long writing to simpler sentences; Four dots if the quote ends in a period; Ending with a terminal exclamation (!, ?, .), the ellipsis is put before the punctuation; Cannot cut out important words that show what the sentence means; May show that time has passed; May show an unfinished list; Maybe ran out of dialogue.	13
4801796754	Equivocation	A fallacy depending on the double meaning of a word; An argument that uses one word to mean two different things; Mistakenly equating two different meanings of one word.	14
4801806559	Euphemism	A generally innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant.	15
4801841915	Hyperbole	Over-exaggeration; A figure of speech, which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis.	16
4801849145	Juxtaposition	A literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts; Used as a persuasive strategy to articulate meaning; The matching of opposites alters or adds to the original meaning of those concepts or reveals a surprising relationship.	17
4801874725	Malapropism	Using a wrong word in place of a similar sounding word.	18
4801886460	Mood	Can be referred to as atmosphere because it creates an emotional setting enveloping the reader; Provides a feeling for the narrative; Created during setting, tone, voice, theme, and diction develop mood; The general feeling or atmosphere that a piece of writing creates within the reader.	19
4801911245	Non Sequitur And Broken Logic	Does not follow logic or reason; Changing the order of information may change conclusions; Logical fallacy.	20
4801924658	Pedantic	Someone who is concerned with precision, formalism, accuracy, minute details in order to make arrogant and ostentatious show of learning; Being showy of one's knowledge, often boring in manner.	21
4801933581	Platitude	Words or phrases that are drearily commonplace and predictable that lack power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition, that nevertheless are stated as though they were original or significant; Commonly in advertisements; Shows that you are like everybody else	22
4801946300	Polemic	A controversy, debate or dispute, or a person who is inclined to argue; A written attack on a political decision is an example; A person who argues about science or religion or about how science and religion interest is an example; A strong attack on someone else's beliefs; Polemics is the art of debate	23
4801961933	Sarcasm And Verbal Irony	Saying the opposite of what you mean is verbal irony; Seeking to be pointed and mean with the opposite that you mean is sarcasm.	24
4798808480	Syntax	Grammar; The rules for what kinds of words, parts of a language, or vocabulary you can put in what order. What is right for one language may not be for another.	25
4801973271	Tone	The emotional feel of a piece of writing; Depends on what is happening in the story; Connected to what the narrator is feeling; Can change throughout the story	26
4801986874	Transition	Make clear what one thing has to do with another; Helps with flow; Can show contrast, similarity, or sequence. 1. Those that transition through words; Establishing a connection between two things in writing. 2. Those that transition through ideas; Make a reference to draw a connection.	27
4802002158	Understatement	A form of speech or disclosure which contains an expression of less strength than what would be expected; Lessens the importance of what is meant	28
4802008846	Voice	An individual writing style of an author, a combination of idiotypical usage of syntax, diction, punctuation, character development, dialogue, etc., within a given body of text. Active v. Passive Active = When the verb of a sentence is in the active voice, the subject doing the acting acts in relation to the object. Passive = A verb is in the passive voice when the subject of the sentence is acted on by the verb	29
4802035557	Allegory	A story with two levels of meaning; There's the surface of the story, which is the characters and plot; Then there's the symbolic level, or the deeper meaning that all the stuff in the story represents.	30
4802035558	Alliteration	A string of words that begin with the same letter or sound.	31
4802035559	Allusion	A figure of speech that makes an indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance; It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers.	32
4802036415	Analogy	A literary device that creates a relationship based on parallels or connections between two ideas; By establishing this relationship, the new idea is introduced through a familiar comparison, thus making the new concept easier to grasp; In-depth comparisons that indicate more of a direct relationship between two things.	33
4802036416	Anecdote	A short story or narrative that is within an argument and is used to support an argument; Gives the ability to connect with the reader; A story within a story	34
4802036417	Irony	An expression of meaning by using words that mean another thing; A figure of speech in words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words; It may also be a situation that may end up incite a different way than what is generally anticipated. Situational v. Dramatic v. Verbal: Situational = What happens is that opposite of what is anticipated. Dramatic = The audience knows something that the actors don't; Not the same as foreshadowing; The audience doesn't know anything. Verbal = A writer or speaker says the opposite of what they actually mean to say.	35
4802037370	Metaphor	A figure of speech; A comparison that is definite, not a similarity, but is not actually literal or direct.	36
4802037371	Motif	Any recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story; Through its reputation, a motif can help produce other narrative, or literary, aspects such as theme or mood.	37
4802037372	Oxymoron	Two things that are opposite are put together to have one meaning of it's own for a phrase.	38
4802037373	Paradox	A statement that contradicts itself or two ideas that cannot both be true; An oxymoron is a simple paradox; A situational paradox is one that just doesn't seem like it could be true; Characters can show paradoxes; Paradoxes introduce conflict, add depth to a story, can be clever or comical, can help explain a confusing situation, create excitement, add confusion, and make readers think.	39
4802038646	Parallel Syntax (Parallelism)	The use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar in their construction, sound, meaning, or meter.	40
4802038647	Parody	A work that imitates another work in order to ridicule, ironically comment on, or poke some affectionate fun at the work itself or the subject of the work; Often mock serious works of literature, music, artwork or film--for satirical or humorous purposes.	41
4802038648	Pun	A play on words in which a humorous effect if produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings; Humorous effects created by puns depend upon the ambiguities words entail.	42
4802038649	Satire	A work that ridicules its subject, through the use of specific techniques; Although satire is usually witty, and often very funny, the purpose of satire is not 'just' humor but criticism of an individual or a group. Four Techniques: 1. Exaggeration = To represent something beyond normal bounds so that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen. 2. Incongruity = To present things that are out of place or are absurd in relation to their surroundings. 3. Reversal = To present the opposite of the normal order. 4. Parody = To imitate the techniques/style of some person, place, or thing in order to ridicule the original; The reader must know the original text that is being ridiculed.	43
4802224488	Simile	A figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things; A simile draws resemblance with the help of the words "like" or "as"; It is a direct comparison.	44