AP Biology Nervous System Flashcards

9218082173	neuron	main cell of the nervous system	0
9218082174	glial cells	cells that support neurons (ex: Schwann cells)	1
9218082175	cell body	contains nucleus of the neuron	2
9218082176	dendrite	receive stimuli; highly branched extensions	3
9218082177	axon	conduct and propagate impulses	4
9218082178	Schwann cell	creates the myelin sheath	5
9218082179	node of Ranvier	gap between myelin sheaths that expose the axon, help accelerate impulses	6
9218082180	sensory neuron	pick up stimuli from the environment and send to the brain	7
9218082181	motor neuron	sends impulses to muscles to create movement	8
9218082182	interneuron	neurons in the CNS that communicate internally and connect sensory to motor neurons; are responsible for reflexes	9
9218082183	resting potential	membrane potential of a neuron that is not firing, -70 mV	10
9218082184	sodium-potassium pump	protein that uses active transport to move 3 Na out of the membrane and 2 K in, which resets the neuron to resting potential	11
9218082185	action potential	rapid change in the voltage between the membrane of a neuron in response to a stimulus	12
9218082186	threshold	the voltage needed to open the voltage gated Na channels and start the unstoppable flow of Na into the cell, -55 mV	13
9218082187	depolarization	the massive influx of Na causes the cell's voltage to become less negative, all the way up to 35 mV	14
9218082188	repolarization	Na channels close and K channels open, which allows K out of cell so the cell is more negative	15
9218082189	hyperpolarization	because K channels are slow to close, the voltage reaches -80 mV, and causes the Na/K pump to reset the neuron	16
9218082190	refractory period	period where the neuron resets using the Na/K pump before a neuron can be fired again	17
9218082191	synapse	transmission of information is from one neuron to the next	18
9218082192	neurotransmitter	molecule that neurons use in synaptic transmission	19
9218082193	synaptic vesicle	hold the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron	20
9218082194	postsynaptic receptor	receive neurotransmitters and open Na gated ion channels to start another action potential	21
9218082195	synaptic cleft	space between the pre and postsynaptic neurons	22
9218082196	myelin sheath	insulates the axon and speeds transmission of the impulse	23
9218082199	dopamine	neurotransmitter that controls the brain's reward and pleasure center	24
9218082200	serotonin	neurotransmitter responsible for maintaining mood balance	25
9218082201	GABA	neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve impulse from being transmitted	26
9218082202	ion-gated channels	proteins responsible for allowing sodium or potassium to diffuse into or out of the axon	27
9218082203	sodium	ion responsible for depolarization	28
9218082204	potassium	ion responsible for repolarization	29
9218082205	calcium	ion that signals vesicles to release neurotransmitters	30
9220009352	acetylcholine	one of the most common neurotransmitter	31
9220033118	direct synaptic transmission	neurotransmitters bind directly to ion channels, causing the channel to open	32
9220080743	indirect synaptic transmission	neurotransmitter binds to a receptor that is NOT an ion channel, activating second messengers	33
9220093158	cAMP	an example of a second messenger in an indirect synaptic transmission	34