AP Chapter 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

4914514819	Declaration of Independence	A document approved by the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British and declared their independence.	0
4914517371	Bill of Rights	The first 10 amendment to the Constitution, drafted in response to the concerns of the Anti-Federalists	1
4914523985	writ of habeas corpus	A court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody.	2
4914526426	natural rights	Inherent rights of human beings, not dependent on governments. A central idea behind John Locke's theories about government.	3
4914529073	Federalist Papers	A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison that appeared in New York newspapers defending the Constitution	4
4914531740	Shay's Rebellion	A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers to block foreclosure proceedings	5
4914535634	judicial review	The power of the courts to determine the Constitutionality of acts of government	6
4914537795	Equal Rights Amendment	An amendment passed by Congress in 1972 stating that a person's rights shall not be infringed based on gender. The amendment failed to be ratified	7
4914541222	consent of the governed	The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people	8
4914541223	Marbury v. Madison	A landmark 1803 case in which the Supreme Court first asserted their power of judicial review.	9
4914545581	constitution	A nation's basic law, which creates political institutions, divides power, and often provides certain guarantees to citizens	10
4914548641	New Jersey Plan	A proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress without regard to population.	11
4914551104	republic	A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws	12
4914553968	Articles of Confederation	The first Constitution of the United States. Adopted by Congress in 1777 and enacted in 1781. Created a unicameral legislature, with the states retaining most of the power	13
4914555639	checks and balances	Features in the Constitution which balances the power among the governmental institutions and allows them to continually constrain one another's activities	14
4914558527	Virginia Plan	A proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for representation of each state in Congress based on their population	15
4914564524	factions	Interest groups arising from the unequal distribution of wealth that James Madison attacked in Federalist Paper No. 10.	16
4914567166	separation of powers	A feature of the Constitution that requires each of the three branches of government to be independent of the others so that one cannot control the others	17
4914569630	Connecticut Compromise	An agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention which established a bicameral Congress. One house comprised of equal representation, with the other house based on population	18
4914573075	Federalists	Supporters of the ratification of the US Constitution led by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay	19