AP World History: Unit Four Flashcards
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| 3785004786 | WHEN were the Mongols? | 1200-1400 | 0 | |
| 3785137877 | WHEN was the Yuan Dynasty; how did it relate to the Mongols? | 1279-1368; period of Mongol rule in CHINA, only dynasty not Chinese in nature | 1 | |
| 3785012031 | WHERE were the Mongols? | began in North Central Asia and spread to SE Asia and proceeded to conquer a large portion of Eurasia and Northern Africa | 2 | |
| 3785008422 | WHO were the Mongols in terms of social structure? | kinship based tribes clans with related languages made up of nobles and commoners FLUIDITY OF SOCIAL CLASS WAS PRESENT autonomous clans and tribes (answer to your own clan) (Confucianism is not a factor- no 5 relationships) | 3 | |
| 3785132938 | Mongols: centralized or decentralized? | quite decentralized; allowed for wide variety of skill and technology, but a lack of strong political organization led to their demise | 4 | |
| 3785150129 | HOW did the Mongols use the environment to their advantage? | "The People of the Horse" quite adaptable: migratory circles lived mostly on animal products for food+technology siege warfare impressive archers: good technology+equestrian skill open to NEW technologies **GUNPOWDER all this evident in The Great Hunt | 5 | |
| 3785187754 | EXPLAIN Mongol political structure. | capital at Karakorum "Khan" was ruler Ghengis Khan: united disparate Mongol clans under military affiliation and assigned leadership based upon merit and skill rather than familial ties | 6 | |
| 3785218842 | Did religion play a large role in the Mongolian Empire? | Mongols were shamanistic but open to other religions (in fact, many syncretic ideas with Buddhism, Islam emerged) Because of nomadic decentralization, religion did not play a major role. | 7 | |
| 3785230354 | How did the Mongols maintain the silk road? | helped restart because they were so big on trade, ensured any merchant would not be harmed because their entire economy relied on trade | 8 | |
| 3787310185 | WHO were the Bantu? | nomadic decentralized African tribal groups | 9 | |
| 3787317485 | Bantu SOCIAL STRUCTURE? | family based kinship groups Age Grades!!!: respect elders, specific tasks for each group; cross family and kinship lines private property not a large concept sex+gender relations: separate but equal | 10 | |
| 3787321961 | Bantu political structure | kinships Bantu villages less than 100 people chief elders decided matrilineal lineage ruling elders still male decisions made in AD HOC style: no written law "village voice" | 11 | |
| 3787448311 | Bantu-Islamic relations | linked through trade: 8th century spread of Islam forms syncretic relation with African animism (omniscient, male creator god) | 12 | |
| 3787568756 | Mansa Musa of Mali | African-muslim, on the way to Hajj, built a mosque on every stop of Hajj, brought so much gold to Egypt that he wrecked the economy | 13 | |
| 3787614978 | Investiture Contest | a contest for power between the church and state | 14 | |
| 3787638775 | FRANCE political structure | -Hugh Capet: chosen because he is the weakest of the lords, shows church has little power, power is with lords -LORDS winning investiture contest | 15 | |
| 3787695879 | ENGLAND political structure: Norman Invasion | -Nordic/ Viking descendants are the Normans, invade Germanic groups/ Anglo-Saxons under William the Conqueror as depicted in the BAYEUX TAPESTRY (the first form of propaganda) | 16 | |
| 3788049795 | ITALY political structure | -ecclesiastical/ papal states: states run by church -Muslim contact through Florence, Venice 9th c.: Sicily controlled by Islam 11th c.: Normans control Sicily Because of Sicily's involvement in trade, the Normans are exposed to ISLAM, sewing the seeds for the Renaissance. -also some Byzantine authorities -Normans invade S. Italy, 4displaces all of these religious authorities | 17 | |
| 3788125070 | IBERIAN PENINSULA: Spain and Portugal | -8th century: under Muslim control -11th c through 15th c RECONQUISTA: taking Iberian Peninsula back to Christian/ Spanish control -Spanish (Holy) Inquisition: rids Iberian Peninsula of Muslim Control by 1492 | 18 | |
| 3788224966 | agricultural technological innovations in Europe? | -heavy plow -horse collar -as arable land increases, invading nomads (i.e. the mongols) become less of a threat because Europe has more internal protection -crop rotation (idea comes from China) | 19 | |
| 3788291101 | HANSEATIC LEAGUE | -Baltic Sea (N. Europe) -relied on herring and salt trade -all ships go through Lubeck -navigation relied solely on landmarks (pre-prince henry) | 20 | |
| 3788317345 | Results of more food in Europe? | as a result of more food, more specialization, population growth, better businesses: ideas of credit and banking houses from Islam start to take hold in Europe | 21 | |
| 3788327478 | 3 estates | those who prey (clergy) those who fight (nights and nobility) those who work (peasants) -guilds emerge | 22 | |
| 3788336612 | code chivalry | protects the first estate through the efforts of the second (investiture conflict coming back, church winning) leaves out the third estate and women (ish) | 23 | |
| 3788357315 | Elanor of Aquitaine | -promoted the code of chivalry through troubadours -comes up with idea of romantic love | 24 | |
| 3788421015 | return of Aristotle | -Latin translations of Greek bibles emerge -sparks a promotion in scholasticism -Thomas Aquinas: University of Paris, merge Christianity with Aristotle | 25 | |
| 3788441636 | Scandinavians at this time? | -explore N. Atlantic: find cool things while the rest of Europe was fighting -Christian in name only | 26 | |
| 3788455704 | CRUSADES- the beginning | POPE URBAN II: free Jerusalem from Muslims, promising Salvation for casualties, free ticket to heaven PETER THE HERMIT: assembles a mob, go to Jerusalem to free from Muslims, attack the Jews (pogroms) along the way (kinda look like Arabs...emergence of racial prejudices) COUNCIL AT CLAIRMONT | 27 | |
| 3788479474 | RESULTS OF CRUSADES | increased trade increased Anti Semitism weakens feudalism: serfs go off to battle! social fluidity increased exposure to Islamic world | 28 | |
| 3788516150 | Prince Henry the Navigator | -established school for navigation (goal to explore Africa) -astrolabe and caravel -European Trade and Subsaharan Trade marry!! -cartography becomes a true science | 29 | |
| 3788517473 | Phillip II | promoted exploration immensely by making things tax detectable | 30 | |
| 3788536400 | Marco Polo | told stories of Mongol jail and exploration, which prompted a guy to write his biography, he's celebrated in Europe... prompts the urge to explore | 31 | |
| 3788550799 | Ibn Battuta | muslim traveler, spreads SHARIA LAW, tries to bring Catholicism to China under instructions by Pope, China was like no, contributed to excitement about exploration | 32 | |
| 3788559813 | Zheng He | YUNIC under Ming, muslim, but offered gifts to everyone as a secret form of imperialism/ diplomacy other YUNICS intimidated by him, killed him | 33 | |
| 3788579921 | Ming Dynasty (after Mongols) 1368-1644 | emperor hongwu-1368 reassemble Great Wall (Ming portion still walkable) yunics dominate irrigation system reinstate Confucianism: foot binding returns increased labor specialization and trade (Ming Vase) cultural revival in China, post Mongols | 34 | |
| 3788601954 | mercantilism | gov't involvement: king sends merchant to make money and bring back to empire in specie/ bullion (silver or gold) assumes country is only as wealthy as its amount of specie | 35 | |
| 3788614909 | Trading Post Empires | -coastal trade ports -allow for facilitation of ideas and goods -alliances? begin with explorers -efficient, no gov't: economically sound for allied gov't -unsustainable, they only exist to trade | 36 | |
| 3788640289 | The Atlantic system | new name for Colombian exchange emphasis on interaction emphasis on racial profiling in regards to slavery | 37 | |
| 3788649442 | Leo the 10th | corrupt pope; related to Medici, bought his way into power, indulgences: tickets to heaven | 38 | |
| 3788655602 | Martin Luther | nails 95 theses to door, calls for reformation, arguments reach CHARLES V of the HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE | 39 | |
| 3788667903 | Protestant Reformation | -begins with Martin Luther, John Calvin -anti indulgences -vernacular bibles -anti papacy -biblical supremacy | 40 | |
| 3788676478 | Catholic Reformation- Counter Reformation | -comes as reaction to Protestant Reformation -Council of Trent (18 years): form Society of Jesus *St. Ignatius Loyola: morality standards, priestly prep (literacy) | 41 | |
| 3788692079 | Gutenberg | invented printing pressin 1440 enabled spread of many idea such as indulgences | 42 | |
| 3788703590 | Edict of Nantes | leaves France is unified state | 43 | |
| 3788715618 | Thirty Years War | France, with new power, invades England at the same time as the Spanish Armada against England. Spanish are mad because of protestantism in Eng. British win against Spanish. Dutch want independence from Spanish. all leads to 30 Years War: HRE tries to reinforce papal authority, leading to regional alliances and participation | 44 | |
| 3788740576 | Peace of Westphalia | Series of treaties ending 30 Years War set up alliances in Europe to come!! replaces papal authority with domestic | 45 | |
| 3788746972 | Glorious Revolution | Parliament cuts off head of Charles I Oliver Cromwell: dictator, through him out bring in James II, don't like him either bring in William and Mary (protestant), who must rule together AND with parliament!! glorious because bloodless shift from absolutism to constitutional monarchy | 46 |