AP Flashcards

4977823719	5 Themes on the Renaissance	1) Individual and Society 2) Europe and Outside World 3) Poverty and Prosperity 4) Institutions and Other Powers 5) Objective vs. subjective visions	0
4977847387	individual and society	ego, pride, artist, vernacular, education	1
4977847388	europe and the outside world	expansion of world views, there are other religions besides christianity, secularism	2
4977893812	poverty and prosperity	expanding gap between rich and poor. artists riches since they valued art more, 95% still poor, commerce, capitalism, banking	3
4977903424	states and other institutions of power	trade, papacy, almost dictorial power, fall of byzantines--> spread of knowledge, papacy got money from indulgences, wealthy, taxes	4
4977915185	objective knowledge vs. subjective visions	humanism--> new beliefs, math and art 95% of people didn't change sciences	5
4977935907	Niccolò Machiavelli	italian political philosopher, notorious for blunt advice-wrote the book The Prince during a time in Italy where the military was very weak and Italy was divided into small territories compared to france and spain in the 1460s	6
4977934246	Who was Machiavelli?	political philosopher who was heavily criticized and mis understood in prominently his writing	7
4977969631	The Prince	"primer of practical advice for a head of state" brilliantly written, easily readable a handbook for dictators principal founders of modern political thought BETTER TO BE FEARED THAN LOVED BUT NOT HATED- with fear you have power to do whatever you want whereas in love you are obligated to constantly please the people FEAR=PUNISHMENT LOVE=OBLIGATION in order to succeed prince should ignore moral considerations entirely and depend on strength+cunningness -one should not fear the reputation of being mean	8
4978017638	the prince: cap 15	a prince must know when to act immorally princes obviously should have good qualities, but because a prince is in a society full of suspicious and evil people, you have to be able to do bad/be bad in order to keep order and survive behavior affects image and reputation affects power	9
4978037626	the prince: cap 16	don't be generous: because people will take advantage over you if you conquer land you can hand those possessions to the people but don't give out your own goods or else you will be broke and everyone will hate you Pope Julius the Second: very liberal and used his own money to pay for the war since he was filthy rich taking other from others doesn't hurt you, taking money out of your bank hurts you	10
4978059845	the prince: chp 17	don't be compassionate, nice, and forgiven being clement, not cruel better to be mean than nice for sake of nation Cesare Borgia was considered cruel but united Romagnia and made peace people don't care if you're cruel as long as you keep the peace show no fear, but don't make haste decisions keep his hands off of property and women inspire fear in a way that if love doesn't work then he can avoid hatred	11
4978115644	the prince: chp 18	everyone knows princes should have faith+integrity but princes who accomplished great things have used deception cunning fox and a powerful lion beast vs. man show your inner crazy, wildness you must be a good liar and pretender alexander the 6th never did what he said and cesere never said what he did always good to be virtuous, but be ready to act evil when required as long as the prince looks innocent on the outside then its all good merciful, humane, religious, and upright watch what you say	12
4978157396	the prince: chp 19	AVOID BEING HATED never be fickle, mean spirited, absolute never violate property or women never be considered fickle, mean, irresolute want to be seen as great courage, brave, and fortified too fears that a prince should have: wars, rebels, and internal fears: conspiracy-subjects wise princes are careful not to antagonize the nobles and to keep the people happy (as well as soldiers and people) war vs. peace money vs. taxes Severus: very evil, crazy, sneaky and made everyone hate him but fear him	13
4978193954	the prince: chp 20	if you give arms to people they get excited, if you take them away they wonder why you hate them and they hate you one who is hated by people should have a fortress but one who has no haters shouldn't get a fortress trust those advisors who you dont trust at first because there is more found infidelity and assistance who trusted you in the beginning a prince should always do something to get publicity, wealth, and power CHOOSE A SIDE IN A WAR: ONE WHO WINS CAN SUPPORT YOU AND ONE WHO LOSES CAN PLAN WITH YOU TO TAKE DOWN THE WINNER CHOOSING A NEUTRAL SIDE IS BAD CUZ YOU ARE NOT TAKING SIDES SO BOTH AIM FOR YOU	14
4978255331	the prince: chp 21	patron of arts and cultural stuff, commerce, architecture, festivals, be involved in what the public does	15
4978281213	Northern Renaissance v. Italian	GERMANY CARTOGRAPHERS Vernacular spread of languages Germany goes down hill politically and economically after luther and protestant reform FUGGERS: group of bankers Christianity Erasmus Humanism Colleges and Universities Printing press Sisters and Brothers of the Common Life --> mysticism: belief in connection in god w/out church Different from papacy: read/write, take vows, free to leave New monarchies of tudor and spain darker art new monarchies- only heredity monarchies, restricted parliaments power and only kings had the final say "your majesty and your highness" came into use kings decided upon one religion for their kingdom king made law in his own authority because of feudal war, class, and civil war, the gov thought that having new foundations known as states were beneficial Erasmus: greatest northern humanist of all time-rotterdam -wrote latin style -aware of need for reform of clergy greek+latin religious himself -proper behavior in social situations, tolerance, restraint, good manners, scholarly understanding, love of peace, responsible tone in between shouting and a bad temper -attacked abuses in the church but never questioned principle of roman catholic church Lay religion--> people who aren't ordained/ in the clergy scholasticism: mixture between pagan and christian beliefs superstition and christian elements EVERYDAY RELIGION TURNED INTO EVERYDAY LIFE WHICH IMPACTS US HERE	16
4978344081	italian renaissance	pagan medici's italian city-states based off greek, roman god+goddesses in painting environment is lighter lighter art florence, italy pagan, roman-greco	17
4978524413	YES	wealthy women only standards were set for women by powerful males Joan of Arc: emblem of women in the renaissance elizabeth: daughter of tutor masculine traits to her -transgender - my sex cannot diminish my prestige	18
4978524414	NO	women had no choice in the role they could play personal strengths and achievements left no residue male line of descent and no female heirs gender roles female sexuality vs male sexuality middle ages: women could be free and wild but in renaissance male superiority defined what women should be and behave the art of courtly love: women's behavior and mannerism economic and political power roles: wealthy women somewhat bettered their lives but nothing is known of povertized women AKA rich women had somewhat of a renaissance and the poor did not not much access to education depending on class women always naked, beautiful, flawless, perfect women depended on men for wealth, living, etc inferior women to superior men love was not accepted in aristocratic relationships because it challenged the heir producing ability divorce and remarriage and cheating on others is veryyyy bad for women double standards, ex. women can't cheat on men but men can cheat on women and face 0 consequences women being judged as race, ethnicity, social orientation, etc Andreas capellanus--> advice to knights who wanted a peasant girl by saying force yourself onto her-- advocating rape cultture SVU women in medieval age had more rights and voice in rape but in renaissance men	19
4978657012	secularization	direction away church, religion, spiritual endeavors	20
4978661821	13th century	mongols held russia in subjugation for 200 yrs battle of kosovo	21
4978667882	wat tylers rebelllion	rebellien in 1381- small scale rebellion	22
4978684989	art influencing renaissance?	individualism- ego secularism- not religion realism- shadows, lines, curves medieval art- couldn't distinguish figures--> renaissance: could distinguish it define the people and figures naturalism dimensions- mathematical thinking- 3D anatomy- Michelangelo and Leonardo da vinci society +individuals- artists got money off of artwork and they were very important to society, people got passionate in art and wanted to but it, individualism institutions and other states of power- secularism more based because papacy was struggling and that showed in School of Athens poverty vs prosperity- artists now very wealthy in an age before artists weren't respected Europe and the outside world- art varied in different places subjective and objective visions- secularism vs religion	23
4978684990	was renaissance real?	yes, only for wealthy people 95% population poor only people with money and power could utilize new innovation, architecture, and art people of education could explore more career aspirations: artists, writers, talk about women and their "renaissance" women vs. men bankers, merchants, trade--> people went explorinng outside of europe which exposed people to different cultures society and individual- women vs. men renaissance ego beginning to come back because of rediscover of antiquities c and affect- women's oppression caused by men institutions of power- church no longer center of everything, Great Schism of the Holy See- two popes wanted to be in two papacies happened during plague, religious insecurity, uneasiness, and dread c and effect- caused church to lose power Europe and outside world- trade so peeps gained more exploration, occupations, spice trade, cartographers, maps, different religions, poverty vs. prosperity- 95% poor, rich got gap between rich and poor increased objective knowledge vs. subjective visions- objective knowledge based on church doctrines and rise of subjective visions on science and philopsohy, art moved people away from church dogmas and went more towards secularism	24
4978858917	two statues of david michelangelo	pure marble preparing for battle david vs goliath anatomy of human heroism and perseverance for freedom	25
4978860921	statue donatello	standing bronze standing on a severed head david vs goliath heroism and persercerance of freedom	26
4978866118	pope boniface	gave out fake indulgences	27
4978868566	guttenberg bible	first printed book to have aesthetic and artistic qualities written in latin printed on printing press made by guttenburg	28
4978875263	huge cathedral in florence	greco roman influences dome- architecture gothic-style influences	29