AP WORLD HISTORY AZTECS Flashcards

3713128586	Yanas	A class of people in the Incan society removed from their ayllus to serve permanately as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or the nobility	0
3713128587	Twantinsuyu	Divided into four great provinces under a governor, then divided again in order to maintain control of the empire. This was one part of a state bureaucracy in which almost all nobles participated in	1
3713128588	Calpulli	By the time the Aztecs came to power in the Valley of Mexico, the traditional _______ provided the empire with a bureaucratic institution which helped the empire function smoothly.	2
3713128589	Cahokia	Located near the confluence of the Missouri, Mississippi, and Ohio rivers, _______ seems to have replicated at least some aspects of traditional Mesoamerican political and commercial centers	3
3713128590	Topiltzin	A Toltec and religious leader, ________ was apparently a priest dedicated to the god Quetzalcoatl who lost a power struggle and went into exile. When Cortez arrived in Mexico, the Aztec leaders though 'Quetzalcoatl' had returned.	4
3713128591	Flower Wars	Within central Mexico the Aztecs left a few territories unconquered so that _______ could be staged in which both sides could obtain captives for sacrafice	5
3713128592	Milpa	Based on the ancient agricultural methods of Maya and other Mesoamerican peoples, _______ agriculture was used to produce maize, beans, and squash- the mainstays of Mesoamerican diet.	6
3713128593	Chinampas	To enhance their surplus agriculture, the Aztecs adopted a system of irrigated agriculture by building ________- artificial floating islands which made possible the harvesting of four corn crops per year	7
3713128594	Pachacuti	In 1438 Incan armies, led by _______, launched a series of military alliances and campaigns that brought them control of the region from Cuzco to Lake Titicaca- thus initiating the Incan Empire	8
3713128595	Teotihuacan	Just as the Romans venerated the Greek pantheon of gods, so too did the Aztec venerate the pantheon of gods which had existed as far back as the time of _______	9
3713128596	Pueblo Bonito	An important religious and commercial center in the American Southwest, _______ apparently has strong commercial ties with the Valley of Mexico during the period of the Toltec	10
3713128597	Cult of the ancestors	Extremely important in Inca belief, _______ required that deceased rulers be mummified and then treated as intermediaries with the gods	11
3713128598	Quipu	A system of knotted strings utilized by the Inca in lieu of a writing system, the _______ could contain numerical and other kinds of information for censuses and financial records	12
3713128599	Flowery Death	In Aztec society, the _______ ensured eternity in the highest heaven for both men and women	13
3713128600	Temple of the Sun	Located in Cuzco, the _______ was the center of the Incan state religion, and is where the mummies of past Incas were kept	14
3713128601	Huitzilopochtil	Represented by the Aztec god _________, Mesoamerica's traditional cult of warfare and sacrafice had become the "cult" of the militaristic Aztec state- a cult that demanded blood - or "precious water"- to sustain Aztec gods	15
3713128602	Mita	Unlike the Aztecs, the Incas did not demand tribute in kind, but rather exacted labor on the lands assigned to the state and religion. These labor turns, _______, were an essential aspect of Inca control	16
3713128603	Aztec Tribute Systsem	In the _______, payments served both an economic and political function by concentrating power and wealth in the Aztec capital	17
3713128604	Split inheritance	Due to the Inca practice of _______, each new Inca needed to secure land and wealth- normally as a result of new conquests- in order to ensure his own cult and place in eternity	18
3713128605	Pochteca	A specialized merchant class in Aztec society, the _______ specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items and also acted as the "eyes and ears" (unofficial spies) of the Aztec leadership in far off regions where they traded	19
3713128606	Huitzilopochtil	Military success seems to have persuaded the Aztec that _______ considered them the chosen people and as military successes mounted, Aztec priests demanded more and more sacrificial victims to appease their god	20
3713128607	Spanish Mita	Drawing heavily upon the labor traditions upon earlier Native American empires, the _______ provided the Spanish landowners with labor, while at the same time strengthening the position of the crown in New Spain and Peru	21
3713128608	Chinampa	In order to feed its population, Tenochtitlan relied upon _______ agriculture, a technology which allowed the Aztec to take advantage of their location on Lake Texococo	22
3713128609	Gold	When Spanish explorers located exceptionally rich deposits of _______ in New Spain and Peru, the Spanish Caribbean became a sleepy backwater of the Spanish empire	23
3713128610	Flowery Death	In Aztec society, the bearing of children was elevated to the point that women who died in childbirth won the same fame as warriors who died valiantly on the battlefield- a _______	24
3713128611	Tribute System	The Aztec _______ was one means of reminding conquered people a reminder of their status, and was also used to fill the Aztec markets with a diversity of goods	25
3713128612	Castas	The contact between Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans eventually produced large numbers of _______ in colonial Latin America	26
3713128613	Plantation Agriculture	Initially Portuguese colonists practiced ________ in Brazil, an economic practice that required large numbers of slaves for labor	27
3713128614	Inca	A magnificent and extensive road system enabled the _______ central government at Cuzco to communicate with all parts of its far-flung empire	28
3713128615	Sugar cane	Being introduced into the Caribbean in 1493, _______ became the driving force behind the colonization of Brazil for over a century only to be by-passed by various Caribbean colonies in the 17th century	29
3713128616	Toltec	Just as the Romans embraced much of Classical Greek culture, the Aztec did likewise with the _______ culture	30
3713128617	Recopliación	The body of laws for governing Spanish America, the _______, was so large and varied that it took almost an entire century to complete it	31
3713128618	Encomienda	In the early days of Spain's American empire, recruitment of labor came through the _______, a system which gave the Spanish settlers the right to compel the indigenous people to come work in their mines and fields	32
3713128619	Triple Alliance	The main objective of the _______ was to exact tribute from subject people throughout the Valley of Mexico and nearby regions	33
3713128620	Ayllus	Ranging in size from small Inca villages to larger towns, _______ consisted of several families living together sharing land, tools, animals, crops, and work	34
3713128621	Gold	In 1695, _______ was discovered at 'Minas Gerais', thus bringing about a major shift in Brazil's economy from agriculture to mining	35
3713128622	Pochteca	To enhance trade within the Aztec empire, the elite entrusted some of the tribute items to officially recognized merchants, _______, who took them to distant lands and traded them for local products	36
3713128623	Treaty of Tordisillas	Migrated by the Church as the behest of the Papacy, the ________ divided the world into two spheres of influence, that of Spain and that of Portugal	37
3713128624	Merchants	Rather than generate a large class of _______, Incan administrators organized the exchanges of various goods between the diverse regions of the empire	38
3713128625	Calpulli	With the passage of time, ancestry became less important to the nature of the ________ than the fact that groups of families lived together in communities, organized their own affairs, and allocated community property to family	39