AP World History Unit 8 Study Topics Flashcards

4214771023	Partition of India and Pakistan	-Muhammad Ali Jinnah dreamed to have his own country for Muslims called Pakistan -Nehru and Jinnah drew battle lines and the Hindus and Muslims were constantly fighting -Britain tried to keep India unified but failed -Pakistan is home for Muslims -India hone for Hindus	0
4214782637	African National Congress	-Organization dedicated to equal voting and civil rights for blacks living in South America -Founded in 1912 and changed name in 1923 -Leaders were banned and jailed but helped bring majority rule to South Africa	1
4214922369	Jawaharlal Nehru	-Gandhi's successor of the Indian National Congress -Negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India -India's first prime minister from 1947-1964 -Wanted to industrialize India	2
4214945381	All-India Muslim League	-Founded by Muslims who were fearful of Hindu dominance elsewhere in India in 1906 -Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah -Attempted to negotiate with the Indian National Congress -In 1940, league demanded to separate from India and form their own state called Pakistan	3
4214960995	Mohandas Gandhi, his political ideas and protest methods	-Called "Mahatma" by his followers, which means the "great soul" -Well educated lawyer who went to school in England -Became a leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920 -Appealed to the poor and called them harijan, meaning "children of God" -Used ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (the search for the truth) to stop British colonial rule and violence -Wore simple clothing -Arrested numerous times -Assassinated while trying to stop Hindu-Muslim rioting	4
4214996760	Third World Nations	-Developing countries who declared they were nonaligned during the Cold War	5
4215043767	Impact of Cold War on decolonization	-The decolonization of Africa and Asia made the size of the general assembly swell -Made the general assembly the location for debates over decolonization and development	6
4215117510	U.S. intervention in Guatemala	-United Fruit Company was the Guatemala's largest landowner -In order to keep prices of bananas expensive, United Fruit kept most of their lands fallow -Arbenz wanted to give the fallow lands back to the poor -Arbenz wanted to reduce U.S. influence and the U.S. got rid of Arbenz -Caused the Guatemalan government to have instability	7
4215205266	Shortcomings of UN	-Unable to solve numerous problems during the Cold War -Security Council could veto everything	8
4215228645	Leaders of African Independence movements	-Nelson Mandela -Ellen Johnson was the first woman elected in Africa -Kwame Nkrumah became the prime minister in Ghana which was the first British colony to achieve independence -Jomo Kenyatta was dedicated to African freedom	9
4215234821	Green Revolution	-Environmental concerns in the 1940's and late 1960's for an increase in agriculture	10
4215250963	Independent British Colonies in Africa	-Full independence came in 1957 -Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya gained independence	11
4215298420	Viet Cong	-Located in South Vietnam and supported the Northern Vietnam communism movement	12
4215326696	1947 India/Pakistan war	-Hindu ruler of Kashmir decides to join India (mostly Hindus) -Did not consult a single citizen of Kashmir (mostly Muslim)	13
4215339736	Helsinki Accord	-Political and human rights agreement -Signed in Helsinki, Finland by the Soviet Union and other Western Countries	14
4215348910	Great Society	-Domestic programs incorporated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to eliminate racial poverty and injustice	15
4215399692	Population growth in China and India	-Both China and India encouraged family planning -Overwhelming birthrates -China and a one child policy and increased female infanticide -India forced sterilization	16
4215419375	"Brazilian Solution"	-Combination of dictatorship, violent repression, and government promotion of industrialization	17
4215431454	Thomas Malthus	-Eighteenth century English intellectual -Argued there was not enough food to keep up with the growing population	18
4215440640	"Dirty War"	-After Juan Perón died, wife took over -Military seized her power and suspended the constitution -Seven year war against terrorism fought called the Dirty War	19
4215453701	Ethnic cleansing in the former Yugoslavia	-Orthodox serbs vs. Muslims -Violence and genocide-like mass murders	20
4215484508	Neo-Liberalism	-Free market policies that include reducing tariff protection for local industries -Using public industries like air-lines and utilities -Use private investors -Basically the New Imperialism all over again	21
4215513822	Causes and outcomes of the dissolution of the USSR	-Coup against Gorbachev -Led war to in the Balkans and Yugoslavia after Russia became a republic -FMLN failed -Berlin Wall collapsed	22
4215526296	Keiretsu	-A conglomerate -Included major bank and firms industries, commerce and constitution tied together in an interlocking ownership structure -Dominated the Japanese economy	23
4215543629	Coup against Gorbachev	-Led by Boris Yeltsin (President of the Russian Republic) -Beginning to take place of the failing USSR -September of 1991 the Union was voted to dissolve -Gorbachev resigned with the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)	24
4215567525	Effect of Deng Xiaoping on China	-Allowed foreign investments for the first time since communists came into power -Became the world's sixth most important trading nation -Result was a dual industrial sector	25
4215597808	Unification of Germany	-The collapse of the Berlin Wall allowed for integration of Eastern and Western Germany	26
4215604497	Character of Communist states outside of the USSR	-Economic before political reforms -Use the Dual-Sector where the economy changes but the government stays the same	27
4215622263	The EU and the Euro	-After the collapse of the Soviet Union, European countries agree on a common currency -Competed with the U.S. dollar for investment and banking	28
4215634880	Motives for 9/11 attacks	-Usama bin Laden discontent with the U.S. policy and the placement of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia -Growth of world trade fell from 13% in 2000 and 1% in 2001	29
4215648506	Overthrow of the Taliban	-The U.S. invaded Iraq, Iran, and the Middle East as the War of Terror in 2008 ordered by President Obama	30
4215665131	Causes of the 2008 financial crisis	-Collapse of the housing market -Asian financial crisis in 1998 -Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy in September, the recession turned into a economic downturn -Effects spread worldwide -President Obama proposed a series of steps to get the U.S. out of the downfall and they included mass government spending, in order to jolt the economy back to health	31
4215684533	Vladimir Putin	-Elected into office and served two terms -Placed a protege into office and used him as a puppet -New law passed that you could run for president again and again -Vladimir Putin becomes the Prime Minister again -Tries to revive the Soviet Union	32
4215693886	Terrorism as a political tactic	-The attempt to scare the people to the point of feeling unsafe -Makes the people think that their government can no longer protect them -Weaker military demonstrates that terror is everywhere	33
4215700171	U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003	UGHHHH I HAVE GAVE UP IF YOU KNOW IT AND THE ONE BELOW HIT ME UP	34
4215703452	Hezbollah	-The capture of 23/128 seats in the Lebanese parliament by the Lebanese Shi'ite movement in 2005 -Majority of seats won by militantly anti-Israeli Hamas movement	35
4215738916	Link between Saddam Husain and bin Laden	I DON'T KNOW AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH	36
4215740536	"the surge" tactic in the 2003 Iraq War	-The payment of the Iraqis to become soldiers allowing the U.S. to back out of the war	37