AP World History Chapter 18 Flashcards
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| 5915393740 | Catherine the Great | ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796, added new lands to Russia, encouraged science, art, lierature, Russia became one of Europe's most powerful nations | 0 | |
| 5915393741 | Copernicus | 1473-1543. Polish astronomer who was the first to formulate a scientifically based heliocentric cosmology that displaced the earth from the center of the universe. This theory is considered the epiphany that began the Scientific Revolution. | 1 | |
| 5915393742 | Third Rome | Russian claim to be successor state to Roman and Byzantine empires; based in part on continuity of Orthodox church in Russia following fall of Constantinople in 1453. | 2 | |
| 5915397211 | Partitions of Poland | Poland divided between Russia, Austria, and Prussia; changed the balance of Europe as a whole; Russia, Austria, and Prussia progressed passed France | 3 | |
| 5915397212 | Peter the Great | (1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. | 4 | |
| 5915399767 | Pugachev Rebellion | Eugene Pugachev, a Cossack soldier, led a huge serf uprising-demanded end to serfdom, taxes and army service; landlords and officials murdered all over southwestern Russia; eventually captured and executed | 5 | |
| 5915399768 | Time of Troubles | 1604-1613, During which the Russian nobles elected series of tsars a tried to demand their liberties. Contending factions and civil war. Finally in 1613 national assembly elected a 17 year old boy as tsar - start of Romanov dynasty. | 6 | |
| 5915419805 | Ivan IV | the Terrible, beat the Mongols, Tartars, and the Poles, forced nobles into service, first ruler to take the title tsar | 7 | |
| 5915419806 | Alexis Romanov | 2nd ruler of the dynasty; abolished assemblies of nobles; gained new powers over the Orthodox church. | 8 | |
| 5915419807 | Radishev | Boyar inspired by Enlighment, created peasant rebellions | 9 | |
| 5915419808 | Ivan III | "Ivan the Great"; ruled as great prince and first ruler of the independent state called Russia | 10 | |
| 5915422044 | Serfdom | A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. This was common in early Medeival Europe as well as in Russia until the mid 19th century. | 11 | |
| 5915422045 | Rurik Dynasty | First dynasty of Russia, ended with the deaths of Ivan IV and his sons and led into the Time of Troubles. 1462-1612. | 12 | |
| 5915422046 | Obruk | labor obligations of Russian peasants owed either to their landlords or to the state; part of the increased burdens placed on the peasantry during the 18th century. | 13 | |
| 5915422047 | St. Petersburg | The major city in Russia along with Moscow | 14 | |
| 5915424010 | Cossacks | Peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws. Cossacks led the conquest of Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. | 15 | |
| 5915424011 | Old Believers | Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th century); many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization. | 16 | |
| 5915424012 | Boyars | Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts | 17 | |
| 5915424013 | Peter III | Silly and childish ruler in Russia who liked to play with toy soldiers. Catherine the great was marries to him, but she decided she would be a better leader so she had her lover who was a guard tell him to leave. A few days later he was killed | 18 | |
| 5915426082 | Kremlin | Citadel of Moscow, housing the offices of the Russian government | 19 | |
| 5915426083 | Instruction of 1767 | document prepared by Empress Catherine II that recommended liberal, humanitarian political theories for use as the basis of government reform and the formulation of a new legal code. | 20 | |
| 5915426084 | Westernization | adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture | 21 | |
| 5915426085 | Romanov Dynasty | Dynasty that favored the nobles, reduced military obligations, expanded the Russian empire further east, and fought several unsuccessful wars, yet they lasted from 1613 to 1917. | 22 | |
| 5915428214 | Alexis de Tocqueville | French political writer noted for his analysis of American institutions (1805-1859) | 23 | |
| 5915428215 | Chancery of the Secret Police | Monitored the bureaucracy under Peter the Great | 24 |