AP World History Chapter 6 Flashcards

3260962324	Axum	Kingdom located in the Ethiopian highlands	0
3260965580	Ethiopia	A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalibeta	1
3260971575	By what year were the Kush flourishing along the upper nile?	1000 BCE	2
3260974511	What kind of writing did the Kush use?	a writing form derived from Egyptian hieroglyphics (not yet full deciphered)	3
3260980024	What metal did the Kush master?	iron	4
3260983070	When did armies from the Kush briefly conquer Egypt?	750 BCE	5
3260988245	What kind of government did the Kush operate under?	a strong monarchy; kings seen as divine	6
3260990448	Who defeated the Kush, and when?	the Axum; 300 BCE	7
3260997495	Who defeated the Axum?	Ethiopia	8
3261004884	What religion was brought into Ethiopia by merchants?	Judaism	9
3261009054	Who brought Christianity into Ethiopia?	Greek merchants	10
3261014339	What did the kingdoms of the upper Nile contribute to sub-Saharan Africa?	knowledge of ironworking, the idea of divine kingship	11
3261028849	What did NOT spread from the kingdoms of the upper Nile to sub-Saharan Africa?	Kushite writing	12
3261056284	Sahara	Desert running across northern Africa	13
3261060902	What blocked the spread of agriculture in classical Africa?	dense vegetation and disease between animals	14
3261067918	What was the only major development made in classical Africa up to 500 CE?	further extension of agriculture	15
3261112276	What did nomadic people serve as agents in spreading?	food crops and disease	16
3261121105	What helped African farmers push into new areas?	new crops (root crops and plantains)	17
3261126339	By what year had Japan established extensive agriculture?	200 CE	18
3261130470	What kind of religion did Japanese clans practice?	each clan believed in their own separate god who they thought of as an ancestor (called a Kami)	19
3261137423	What was Japan's first religion?	Shintoism	20
3261137424	What was worshipped in Shintoism?	numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world and political rulers	21
3261149535	How did Shintoism differ form other great world religions?	in doctrine and ritual	22
3261160724	When was the greatest period of cultural achievement in Mesoamerica?	150-900 CE, following the decline of the Olmecs	23
3261176349	Where were the two main centers of civilization in the Americas?	the high central valley of Mexico, and the humid tropical lands of southern Mexico, Yucatan, and Guatemala	24
3261179941	Teotihuacan	Site of classic culture in central Mexico, urban center with important religious function	25
3261187329	How many square miles did Teotihuacan cover?	9 square miles	26
3261190590	How high did Teotihuacan's population reach?	≈ 200,000	27
3261198984	What greatly affected Teotihuacan art?	religion	28
3261200901	When did Teotihuacan begin to decline?	8th century CE	29
3261205078	Where did the Mayans develop?	southern Mexico and Central America	30
3261211667	What language did the Mayans use?	TRICK QUESTION they used several related languages	31
3269751011	What was the total population of the Mayan empire?	≈ 5 million	32
3269780935	What number was the Mayans' mathematics system based on?	20 (vigesimal)	33
3269781979	How long was the Mayan calendar?	260 days divided into 20 day months	34
3269782901	How many symbols did the Mayan alphabet contain?	287	35
3269783941	What did Mayan religion emphasize?	dualism (male and female, good and bad, day and night)	36
3269785319	What kinds of power did Mayan leaders have?	civil and religious	37
3269787044	What kind of rituals did Mayans perform?	self-mutilation and human sacrifice	38
3269788421	By when was most of Maya deserted?	900 CE	39
3269789123	What civilization followed the Chavin?	the Mochica state (Moche)	40
3269793142	What was the main focus of Mochican art?	explicit sexual acts and war	41
3269794446	Incas	Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures	42
3269795785	Polynesia	Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island.	43
3269801981	Between what years did all 3 classical civilizations collapse?	200 and 600 CE	44
3271032664	Who defeated Rome?	Germanic invaders	45
3271033095	Why did nomadic tribes move into Europe?	They were being pushed by other nomadic tribes (Huns)	46
3271035472	Who overthrew the Guptas?	the Huns	47
3271047214	Yellow Turbans	Chinese Daoists who launched a revolt in 184 CE in China, promising a golden age to be brought about by divine magic.	48
3271049370	Which class had the most power in Han China?	the landowning class	49
3271053436	Which half of China was more successful after they split?	the South	50
3271055181	What religion offered solace during the fall of China?	Buddhism	51
3271059144	What religion opposed the spread of Buddhism in China?	Daoists	52
3271060680	the Sui Dynasty	Dynasty that succeeded the Han in China; united all of northern China and reconquered southern China	53
3271069718	the Tang Dynasty	succeeded the Sui and brought about a golden age in China	54
3271070286	DYNASTIES IN CHINA	Han - nomadic takeover - Sui - Tang	55
3271078281	When did nomads being to invade India?	440 CE	56
3271079546	Harsha Vardharna	Ruler who followed Guptas in India; briefly constructed a loose empire in northern India between 616 and 657 CE	57
3271081976	Rajput	regional princes in western India	58
3271083309	What did the Rajput emphasize?	military control of their regions	59
3271084887	Devi	Mother goddess of Hinduism	60
3271085629	What religion widely spread across India during and following the Guptas?	Hinduism	61
3271089902	What happened to the Indian caste system as nomads invaded?	It became more complex because the invaders were assimilated into the system, but the basic principles remained	62
3271091424	Which classical civilization's downfall was the least drastic?	India	63
3271092497	Islam	Major world religion having its origins in the Arabian peninsula	64
3271097394	What were the first signs of decay in the Roman empire?	population size declined, birth rates declined, difficulty to recruit armies	65
3271106263	Which classical empire was the largest?	Rome	66
3271123488	What were the main causes of Rome's downfall?	-plague -inflation -cultural decay (upper class became more pleasure-seeking and invidualistic)	67
3271128411	What did Romans do as imperial life declined?	They began to cluster around the protection of large landlords (the estate system)	68
3271171354	Diocletian	Roman emperor from 294- 305 CE; restored later empire by improving administration and tax collection	69
3271173403	What prompted Diocletian to persecute Christians?	They wouldn't worship the emperor as a God	70
3271174231	Constantine	Roman emperor from 312- 337 CE; established second capital at Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spiritually	71
3271180994	Atilla the Hun	leader of the nomadic Huns; known for his fierceness	72
3271181617	What did Christians nickname Atilla the Hun?	the "scourge of God"	73
3271207984	What effect did the fall of Rome have on the Mediterranean?	it divided it into three zones	74
3271208800	Byzantine Empire	Eastern half of Roman empire following the collapse of the western side of the old empire	75
3271209900	What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?	Constantinople	76
3271211522	Augustine	Influential church father and theologian	77
3271212830	What did Augustine do?	he was the bishop of Hippo in African and was the champion of Christian doctrine against heretics	78
3271213711	Coptic	Christian sect in Egypt, later tolerated after Islamic takeover	79
3271221197	What was Chinese Buddhism called?	Mahayana	80
3275224231	What was the Sahara desert used for?	as a trade route by Muslim merchants	81
3275225445	AFRICAN RELIGION	-varied by civilization -mostly polytheistic -believed in the power of ancestors -masks	82
3275227117	What significance did masks have in African religion?	they were ritual embodiments of gods/ancestors and were thought to have spiritual powers	83
3275231225	Where did most African kingdoms develop?	the southern edge	84
3275232135	Timbuktu	-city in Mali -major cultural center and trade hub -center of learning	85
3275235946	What dynasty did China unite under (before the fall)?	the Han	86
3275235947	What united India before its fall?	Hinduism and Buddhism	87
3275237918	What united Japan before its fall?	Shintoism	88
3275239366	Which direction did knowledge spread in Eurasia?	east to west	89
3275246118	What did Rome's geography do during nomadic invasions?	it allowed for easy invasions, but also allowed Rome to fragment into smaller civilizations	90
3275249651	What religion was Western Rome?	Roman Catholic	91
3275249652	What religion was Eastern Rome?	Orthodox	92
3275252459	Which emperor made Christianity the official religion of Rome?	Theodocius	93
3275255619	What made Christianity different from original Roman religion besides being monotheistic?	Jesus was a religious leader, not a political leader (separation of religion and politics)	94
3275261625	What important Christian idea did St. Augustine develop?	the idea of God's kingdom vs. the earth (heaven)	95
3275267414	What function did monasteries have in Rome?	-monks copied books and protected books during invasions -kept learning alive during the dark ages	96
3275270716	What powerful family ruled France?	the Carolengenians	97
3275273369	When was Charlemagne crowned 1st Holy Roman emperor?	Christmas Day 800 CE	98
3275275107	Who crowned Charlemagne 1st Holy Roman emperor?	Pope Leo III	99
3275979516	What kind of power did Byzantine emperors have?	unlimited	100
3275983661	Which tribe was the main invader of Byzantine following Charlemagne's death?	the Vikings	101
3275991485	social order of castle communities	lords vassels (knights) serfs	102
3275994320	What is the difference between slaves and serfs?	serfs were not considered property and cannot be sold	103
3276012760	What religion flourished during the Chinese renaissance?	Daosim	104
3276024485	What was Japan's legal code?	The 17 articles	105
3276032004	What Chinese religion did Shinto resemble?	Daoism	106