AP World History Ch 1 Flashcards

These are both terms and review questions

4951597447	According to our books, what region did our ancient ancestors evolve and migrate from?	Africa	0
4951641996	Briefly describe a difference between most culture's creation stories and the modern evolutionary description of how humans came to be.	In dominant religions, humans "arrive" on the planet fully formed. Modern evolution-people developed over millions of years.	1
4951664124	Evolution	The process by which the different species of the world-its plants and animals-adapted in response to their often changing environments in ways that enabled them to survive and increase in numbers.	2
4951681650	Name at least two methods used to date artifacts/old things.	Any two of the following: radiocarbon dating, potassium-argon dating, and DNA analysis.	3
4951698802	hominids	Humanlike beings who walked erect and preceded modern humans	4
4951735964	australopithecines	Homind specias that appeared 3 million years ago and, unlike other animals, walked on two legs. Their brain capacity was a little less than one-third of a modern human's or about the size of the brain capacity of today's African apes. Although not humans, they carried the genetic and biological material out of which modern humans would later emerge.	5
4951750236	species	a group of animals or plants possessing one or more distinctive characteristics	6
4951762158	What is probably the most famous australopithecine skeleton ever found?	Lucy	7
4951771720	adaptation	the ability to alter behaviour and to innovate, finding new ways of doing things	8
4951776032	bipedalism	walking on two legs, thereby freeing hands and arms to carry objects such as weapons and tools; one of several traits that distinguished hominids	9
4952098716	cognitive skills	Skills such as thought, memory, problem-solving, and-ultimately-language. Hominids were able to use these skills and their hands to create new adaptations, like tools, which helped them obtain food and avoid predators.	10
4952120805	innovation	Creation of a new method that allowed humans to make better adaptations to their environment such as the making of new tools	11
4952124039	Homo Erectus	Species that emerged about 1.5 million years ago and had a large brain and walked truly upright. The name means "Standing man".	12
4952129517	migration	Long-distance travel for the purpose of resettlement. In the case of early man, the need to move was usually a response to an environmental shift, such as climate change during the Ice Age.	13
4952141269	Homo Sapiens	The first humans; they emerged in a small region of Africa about 200,000 years ago and migrated out of Africa about 100,000 years ago. They had bigger brains and greater dexterity than previous hominid species, whom they eventually eclipsed.	14
4952163274	What traits do people argue made humans truly human compared to the apes they evolved from?	Toolmaking, bipedalism, and having a large brain	15
4952174875	hunting and gathering	Lifestyle in which food is acquired through hunting animals, fishing, and foraging for wild berries, nuts, fruit, and grains, rather than planting crops, vines, or trees. As late as 1500, as much as 15 percent of the world's population still lived by this method.	16
4952189999	language	System of communication reflecting cognitive abilities. Generally defined as words arranged in particular sequences to convey meaning and is unique to modern humans.	17
4952196703	domestication	Bringing a wild animal or plant under human control.	18
4952208506	settled agriculture	Application of human labor and tools to a fixed plot of land for more than one growing cycle. It entails the changeover from a hunting and gathering lifestyle to one based on agriculture, which requires staying in one place until the soil has been exhausted.	19
4952220308	pastoralism	Herding and breeding of sheep and goats or other animals as a primary means of subsistence.	20
4952237194	Why did cities/territories with a thriving agriculture/pastoral environment tend to see growth and prosperity?	There are a few reasons for this, but one of the reasons is that, when farming techniques are made more efficient, more food is produced. This enables a bigger population to be sustained (growth) and people can trade or sell surplus food, which can lead to prosperity.	21
4952253425	What were the first animals to be domesticated?	Dogs	22
4952255102	Transhumant migrants	Nomads who entered settled territories in the second millennium BC and moved their herds seasonally when resources became scarce.	23
4952277136	Nomads	People who move across vast distances without settling permanently in a particular place. Often pastoralists, nomads and transhumant herders introduced new forms of chariot-based warfare that transformed the Afro-Eurasian world.	24
4952289104	What animal was considered the measure of household wealth and prestige?	The horse	25
4952309809	What is another name for the Paleolithic Era?	The Old Stone Age, lasting from about 10 million BC-10,000 BC.	26
4952336852	What is another name for the Neolithic Era?	The New Stone Age, lasting from about 10,000 BC-4,000 BC.	27
4952349174	Name at least two examples of neolithic art.	Woman/Venus of Willendorf, Stonehenge, Cave art in Lascaux and Cueva de la Manos.	28