dna transcription Flashcards

4714604862	transcription produces	codons	0
4714606679	what is the purpose of dna transcription	to go from the language of Nucleic Acids (base pairs) to the language of polypeptides (Amino Acids)	1
4714609149	number of codon combinations	64	2
4714609155	number of Amino Acids	20	3
4714609725	codon	a triplet base that specifies what Amino Acid is needed	4
4714611175	start codon that makes the AAcid	- methianine	5
4714612672	stop codons	-3 of them -they dont code for any AA's -indicates the end of gene translation	6
4714621140	where does transcription occur	in the nucleus	7
4714621600	where does translation occur	in the cytoplasm	8
4714622476	What are the 3 steps of transcription?	1.Initiation 2.Elongation 3.Termination	9
4714622850	Transcription Initiation	-Rna Polymerase attaches to the promotor; an area on dna that marks the start	10
4714625040	promotor	-Tells Rna Polymerase where to start gene transcription -occurs during initiation phase	11
4714626814	Transcription Elongation	-second step in transcription -this is when the new RNA strand is created	12
4714628144	Transcription Termination	-third step in transcription -terminator is where polymerase ends -Causes the RNA Polymerase to break off. -now, it is ready to move to the cytoplasm and make proteins	13
4714673195	what mods need to be done to RNA after transcription?	1.add caps and tails (once added, its called mRNA) 2.introns (interrupt codons)are removed from MRna	14
4714679628	Caps	-they attach to the 5' end -	15
4725432134	Once a cap and tail is added, it's	mRNA	16
4725432135	tRNA is foind	In the cytoplasm	17
4725432136	tRNA creates	New sequences from codons	18
4725432137	Anticodon of tRNA will	Read the mRNA	19
4725432138	What are the tRNA binding sites	A site, P site, and E site on the ribosome	20
4724115150	Tail	-3' end -50 to 250 Adenines in a row	21
4724126274	introns	-interrupt codons -not expressed and are removed at end of transcription phase	22
4724129018	tRNA	-found in the cytoplasm -takes codons and makes a new sequence --free amino acids are also in cytoplasm codes for specific amino acid one one end. -the other end has an anticodon. This will read the mRNA -binds to large subunit	23
4724134859	anticodon	-one end of tRNA that reads mRNA	24
4724159323	mRNA	-binds to small subunit of ribosome -	25
4724164093	Initiation of polypeptide synthesis	the mRNA, the tRNA, and the large and small subunits combine	26
4724179417	elongation of polypeptide synthesis	tRNA's keep moving along and adding to the polypeptide chain (at their amino acid attachment site). the mrna is moved through the ribosome one codon at a time	27
4724232974	termination of polypeptide synthesis	the end result is that we are getting a phenotype from a genotype	28
4724281236	what is the end result of this process?	the end result gives us a phenotype from a genotype!	29
4724956273	types of mutations	silent-doesent change phenotype missense-changes an amino acid to another nonsense-changes amino acid to a stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) frameshift-inserts or deletes nucleotides	30
4724959646	silent mutation	the phenotype doesent change, but the AA genotype does	31
4724960150	missense	one amino acid is changed to another	32
4724960741	non sense	an amino acid is changed to a stop codon (UAA, UGA, UAG)	33
4724961240	Frameshift	inserts or deletes nucleotides like a timeshift in back to the future	34
4725179309	AUG	the start codon methianine	35
4725179310	UAA	a stop codon	36
4725179599	UGA	a stop codon	37
4725179975	UAG	a stop codon	38