Immune System - AP Biology Flashcards
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| 6440665095 | First Line of Defense | Nonspecific barrier to keep out pathogens ex: skin, stomach acid, mucous membrane, cilia |  | 0 |
| 6440665096 | Second Line of Defense | Nonspecific defense and inflammatory response initiated by chemical signals to attack and isolate invading pathogens | 1 | |
| 6440665097 | Inflammatory Response | Vasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature |  | 2 |
| 6440665098 | Histamines | chemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area | 3 | |
| 6440665099 | Phagocytes | White blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils | 4 | |
| 6440665100 | Chemical Alarm Signals | chemical signals secreted by damaged cells that attract more white blood cells (phagocytes) to the site of injury | 5 | |
| 6440665101 | Specific/Adaptive Immunity | B and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response (only in mammals) | 6 | |
| 6440665103 | Lymphocyte | White blood cell--becomes B and T cells |  | 7 |
| 6440665104 | B Cells | Humoral response by producing antibodies; activated by T cells or free antigens; mature in bone marrow | 8 | |
| 6440665105 | T Cells | Cell-mediated response, stimulating by APCs; mature in thymus | 9 | |
| 6440665106 | Helper T Cell | Set off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through the body's line of defense (they answer the 911 call) |  | 10 |
| 6440665107 | Cytotoxic T Cell | Kills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by antigens and helper T-cells (the swat team) |  | 11 |
| 6440665108 | Macrophages | Engulfs large numbers of pathogens; can present antigen to activate T cells (the neighbor who comes to the rescue in adaptive immunity) |  | 12 |
| 6440665109 | MHC | molecules found on every body cell that presents antigen (either self or non-self); they make the 911 call | 13 | |
| 6440665111 | Memory B Cells | Responsible for lifelong immunity by storing specific copy B cells to more quickly fight secondary infection |  | 14 |
| 6440665112 | Antibody | Y-shaped protein with variable antigen bind region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction |  | 15 |
| 6440665113 | Antigen | Identifying marker on the outside of a pathogen |  | 16 |
| 6440665114 | Passive Immunity | Temporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal or gained from vaccination ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child | 17 | |
| 6440665115 | HIV | A retrovirus that attacks helper T cells and eventually shuts down the adaptive immune response |  | 18 |
| 6440665116 | Autoimmune disease | A mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself | 19 | |
| 6440665117 | Allergy | Hypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine | 20 |