AP World History Period 4 Part 3 Flashcards

6725833649	Letrados	university-trained lawyers from Spain; basic personnel of the Spanish colonial bureaucratic system	0
6725835758	Viceroyalties	major divisions of Spanish New World colonies headed by direct representatives of the king; one based in Lima, the other in Mexico City	1
6725838529	Audiencia	royal courts of appeals established in Spanish New World colonies; staffed by professional magistrates who made and applied laws	2
6725841938	Captaincies	areas along the Brazilian coast granted to Portuguese nobles for colonial development	3
6725845508	Paulistas	backwoodsmen from Sao Paula, Brazil; penetrated Brazilian interior in search of precious metals during the 17th century	4
6725851410	Sociedad de castas	Spanish American social system based on racial origins; Europeans on top, mixed race in middle, Indians and African slaves at the bottom	5
6726139098	Peninsulares	Spanish-born residents of the New World	6
6726142812	Creoles	people of European ancestry born in Spanish New World colonies; dominated local economies; ranked socially below peninsulares	7
6726146894	Amigos del pais	clubs and associations dedicated to reform in Spanish colonies; flourished during the 18th century; called for material improvement rather than political reform	8
6726153605	War of the Spanish Succession	Wide-ranging war fought between European nations; resulted in the installation of Philip of Anjou as king of Spain(1702-1703)	9
6726162514	Comunero Revolt	popular revolt against Spanish rule in New Granada in 1781; suppressed due to government concessions and divisions among rebels	10
6726167803	Factories	trading stations with resident merchants established by the Portuguese and other Europeans	11
6726169813	Nzinga Mvemba	ruler of the Kongo kingdom (1507-1543); converted to Christianity; his efforts to integrate Portuguese and African ways foundered because of the slave trade	12
6726173764	Royal African Company	chartered in Britain in the 1660s to establish a monopoly over the African trade; supplied slaves to British New World colonies	13
6726177679	Indies piece	in the complex exchange system of the west African trade; based on the value of an adult male slave	14
6726184072	Triangular trade	complex commercial pattern linking Africa, the Americas, and Europe; slaves from Africa went to the New World; American agricultural products went to Europe; European goods went to Africa	15
6726188911	Dahomey	African state among the Fon peoples; developed in the 17th century centered at Abomey; became a major slave trading state through utilization of Western firearms	16
6726202890	Usuman Dan Dodio	Muslim Fulani leader who launched a great religious movement among the Hausa	17
6726206076	Great Trek	movement inland during the 1830s of Dutch-ancestry settlers in South Africa seeking to escape their British colonial government	18
6726210102	Shaka	ruler among the Nguni peoples of southeast Africa during the early 19th century; developed military tactics that created the Zulu state	19
6726213520	Mfecane	wars among Africans in southern Africa during the early 19th century; caused migration and alterations in African political organization	20
6726215746	Middle Passage	slave voyage from Africa to the Americas; a deadly and traumatic experience	21
6726220042	Saltwater slaves	name given to slaves born in Africa; distinguished from American-born descendants, the creoles	22
6726227169	Obeah	African religious practices in the British American islands	23
6726231000	Candomble	African religious practices in Brazil among the Yoruba	24
6726235236	Vodun	African religious practices among descendants in Haiti	25
6726239582	Ottomans	Turkic-speaking people who advanced into Asia Minor during the 14th century; established an empire in the Middle East, north Africa, and eastern Europe that lasted until after World War I	26
6726419365	Mehmed II	"The Conqueror"; Ottoman sultan; captured Constantinople in 1453 and destroyed the Byzantine Empire	27
6726425771	Janissaries	conscripted youths from conquered regions who were trained as Ottoman infantry divisions; became an important political influence after the 15th century	28
6726429396	Vizier	head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after the 15th century often more powerful than the sultan	29
6726435591	Safavid dynasty	founded by a Turkic nomad family with Shi'a Islamic beliefs; established a kingdom in Iran and ruled until 1722	30
6726514144	Sail al-Din	Eponymous founder of the Safavids; Sufi mystic; leader of the Read Heads	31
6726516853	Chaldiran	an important battle between the Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Ottoman victory demonstrated the importance of firearms and checked the western advance of the Safavid Shi'a state	32
6726520459	Abbas I (the Great)	Safavid shah (1587-1629); extended the empire to its greatest extent; used Western military technology	33
6726530239	Imams	Shi'a religious leaders who traced their descent to Ali's successors	34
6726533118	Mullahs	religious leaders under the Safavids; worked to convert all subjects to Shi'ism	35
6726535946	Mughal dynasty	established by Turkic invaders in 1526; endured until the mid-19th century	36