Nutrition: Chapter 8 Flashcards

6017051671	Adequate intake	Recommendation of daily water intake	0
6017051672	Male daily water intake	13 cups/day	1
6017051673	Female daily waternintake	9 cups/day	2
6017051674	What are some drinks that are not primary sources of fluid	Coffee, tea, alcohol, soft drinks.	3
6017051675	What are some types of drinks that act as a diuretic.	Coffee, tea, alcohol	4
6017051676	Hard water	Water that contains high amounts of minerals. Such as calcium and magnesium.	5
6017051677	Soft water	Water that contains sodium. Must be careful with sodium sensitive clients. HTN	6
6017051678	Acceptable level of lead in water supple?	<15 ppb	7
6017051679	How to reduce chance that lead will leak into drinking water.	1. Run water for 2 minutes after it has been standing in the pipes 2. Use only cold of water for drinking, cooking, preparing. 3 cold water absorbs less than hot water.	8
6017051680	What are some of the most severe water threats regarding bacteria and virus.	Cholera and typhoid	9
6017214177	Increased incidence of stomach cancer is associated with a certain bacteria that is found in some contaminated wAter.	Helicobacter pylori	10
6017214178	Water	-Inorganic -passes quickly through small intestines.	11
6017214179	Water functions	-provides structure to cells -reg. Body temp. -lubricant -cushions boy tissues -transports nutrients and waist -solvent -source of trace minerals -chem reactions	12
6017214180	Insensible perspiration	water evaporation from alveolar surfaces and skin surface; cools the body while removing water	13
6037172088	Newborn water % of total body weight?	75%-80%	14
6037174109	Adult male water % of total body weight?	55%-60%	15
6037176430	Adult female water % of total body weight?	50%-55%	16
6037188016	Fluid volume deficit (FVD)	-vascular, cellular, or intracellular dehydration -occurs from diarrhea, vomiting, high fever -sweating, diuretics, polyuria -Older adults and infants more at risk	17
6037206672	Fluid volume excess (FVE)	-increased fluid retention and edema -compromised regulatory mechanism, excess intake fluid, or excess sodium intake	18
6037262315	edema	excess accumulation of fluid interstitial spaces caused by seepage from circulatory system	19
6037272859	water intoxication	-consumption of large quantities of water in a short time -causes muscles cramps, decreased blood pressure, and weakness.	20
6037293964	cobalamin/B12	-transport/ storage of folate needed for heme and cell formation and other functions -metabolism of fatty acids/amino acids	21
6037299977	folate/ folic acid, folacin, PGA	-Coenzyme metabolism and other functions	22
6037305598	pyridoxine/ B6	-hemoglobin synthesis and other functions -forms coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate, PLP, for energy metabolism	23
6037310620	vitamin k	-cofactor in synthesis of blood clotting factors; protein formation -protein formatin for bone mineralization	24
6037315563	iron	-mineral -distributes oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin	25
6037319341	zinc	-mineral -cofactor for more than 200 enzymes, including enzymes to make heme, genetic materials and proteins. -carb metabolism/insulin function	26
6037326652	copper	-mineral -helps with iron use	27
6037513036	vitamin D	-bone mineralization	28
6037519646	vitamin A	bone growth, maintain epithelial cells, regulation of gene expression	29
6037524342	thiamin/ B1	coenzyme energy metabolism, ; muscle nerve action	30
6037540203	riboflavin/ B2	coenzyme energy metabolism	31
6037543428	niacIn/ B3	COFACTORS to enzymes involved in energy metabolism, glycolysis and tricarboxycolic acid cycle sythesis	32
6037556616	pantothenic acid	-part of coenzyme A	33
6037587979	biotin	metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins	34
6037589934	iodine	-mineral -thyroxine synthesis; regulates growth and development, BMR regulation	35
6037599240	chromium	-mineral -carb metabolism, part of glucose tolerance factor	36
6037605742	phosphorus	energy metabolism; enzymes -bone/tooth formation	37
6037607899	sulfur	components of protein structures	38
6037610178	calcium	bone and tooth formation	39
6037624868	magnesium	bone structure	40
6037624869	flouride	bone and tooth formation; increases stability of bone	41
6037629187	Major minerals	-must be consumed daily of 100mg or higher	42
6138289332	Trace monerals	Requires daily amounts less than or equal to 20mg.	43
6138289333	Calcium	Major mineral	44
6138289334	Chloride	Major mineral	45
6138289335	Mag	Major mineral	46
6138289336	Phosph	Major mineral	47
6138289337	K+	Major mineral	48
6138289338	NA	Major mineral	49
6138289339	Sulfur	Major mineral	50
6138289340	Chromium	Trace mineral	51
6138289341	Copper	Trace mineral	52
6138289342	Flouride	Trace mineral	53
6138289343	Iodine	Trace mineral	54
6138289344	Iron	Trace mineral	55
6138289345	Manganese	Trace mineral	56
6138289346	Molybdenum	Trace mineral	57
6138289347	Selenium	Trace mineral	58
6138289348	Zinc	Trace mineral	59
6138289349	Mineral	-Plant and animal foods -stable when foods containing them are cooked -inorganic -cofactors of the metabolic process	60
6138289350	Bioavailability	Level of absorption or a consumed nutrient and is of nutritional concern	61
6138289351	Binders	Substances in plant foods that combine with minerals to form indigestible compounds, making unavailable for use.	62
6138289352	What is the only mineral returned to white flour trough enrichment?	Iron	63
6138289353	Calcium	-structural and storage functions -nerve impulses, muscle contractions and relaxation, formation of blood clots and b/p regulation -dairy products green leafy veggies, legumes	64
6138289354	Parathormone	-Secreted by parathyroid -raises blood claciun	65
6138289355	Calcium rigor	-calcium is high -hardness or stiffness of muscles	66
6138289356	Calcium tetany	-calcium to low -muscle spasms and nerve excitability	67
6138289357	Calcitrol	-active vitamin D hormone -increase calcium	68
6138289358	Calcium AI	-9-13years: 1300mg/day -19-50: 1000mg/day -over 50: 1200mg/day -pregnant and lactating: 1000mg/day -UL: 2500mg/day	69
6140060843	Factors that increase calcium absorption	-lactose -Vit. D -acidic substances (ingested as part of a meal) -	70
6140060844	Factors that decrease calcium absorption	-Binders: phytic and oxalic acid -age -dietary fat: form insoluble soaps -high fiber intake -laxative -high mag or phosph intake -sedative lifestyle	71
6140060845	Mess that interfere with calcium absorption	-anticonvulsants, tetracycline, cortisone, thyroxine, aluminum containing antacids.	72
6140060846	Osteoporosis	Bone density is low and remaining bone is brittle -s/s: dowagers hump	73
6140060871	Osteomalacia		74
6140060847	Calcium toxicity	Constipation, urinary stones, reduction in iron or zinc and other minerals	75
6140060848	Phosphorus	-85% found in bones and hydroxyapatite -other 15% function in energy transfer and genetic material of DNA. -RDA 700mg/day 19 > -UL: 4000mg/day	76
6140060849	Phosphorus sources	-protein rich foods: eggs, meat, fish, poultry, cereal grains	77
6140060850	Phosphorus toxicity	Cause calcium excretion from the body	78
6140060851	Magnesium	-found in bones -regulates nerve and muscle functions: action of the heart -blood clotting process -immune system	79
6140060852	Mag RDA	-400mg/day men -310mg/day women -UL: 350mg/day	80
6140060853	Mag sources	Whole grains, legumes, broccoli, great leafy veggies, hard water	81
6140060854	Mag deficiency	-due to secondary causes: excess vomiting, diarrhea -GI disorder or kidney disease -malnutrition, alcoholism -s/s: muscle twitching, muscle weakness, convulsions	82
6140060855	Mag toxicity	Due to supplements Rare but serious	83
6140060856	Sulfur	-component in protein structures -acid base balance -RDI -found In all protein containing foods -no deficiencies -toxicity is not a health issue	84
6140060857	Sodium	-major cation in ECF -transmission of nerve impulses -b/p and volume maintained -regulating of fluids in and out of cell	85
6140060858	Sodium AI	-1500mg/day for adults (3/4 tsp) -1300mg/day for 51-70yrs -UL 2300mg/day	86
6140060859	Sodium deficiency	-dehydration and excess diarrhea --s/s: h/a, muscle cramps, weakness, reduced concentration, memory loss and loss of appetite	87
6140060860	Hyponatremia	-Low blood sodium -acute a concern in endurance athletes -chronic may be due to necrologic and kidney disorders	88
6140060861	Sodium toxicity	-HTN, edema	89
6140060862	Potassium	-primary ICF cation -maintains fluid level inside of cell -crucial for nerve and muscle function	90
6140060863	Potassium AI	-4700mg/day	91
6140060864	Potassium sources	-best is naturally: fruits and veggies -other: whole unprocessed foods, white potatoes with skin, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, bananas, oranges, dairy products, legumes	92
6140060865	Potassium deficiency	Muscle weakness, confusion, decreased appetite, cardiac dysrhythmias	93
6140060866	Potassium toxicity	-usually occur only from supplements -s/a same as deficiency	94
6140060867	Chloride	-key anion in ECF -maintaining fluid balances in and out of cell -component in hydrochloric acid	95
6140060868	Chloride AI	-2300mg/day adults -2000mg/day 50> -1800mg/day 70>	96
6140060869	Chloride sources	-foods containing sodium -sodium chloride	97
6138289359	Calcitonin	-thyroid gland Lowers calcium and phosphate levels	98
6140374153	Iron	-distribution of O2	99
6140374154	Iron RDA	-8mg/day men -18mg:day women -27mg/day pregnancy	100
6140374155	Mucosal transferrin	-protein in intestinal mucosal cells -Moves iron to a protein carrier in blood transferrin -movement of iron from blow to bone marrow and tissues	101
6140374156	Mucosal ferritin	-protein in intestinal mucosal cells -stores iron in mucosal cells	102
6140374157	Heme iron	-Found in animal products -more easily absorbed	103
6140374158	Nonheme iron	-found in plant sources, legumes, dried fruits, whole grain cereals, enriched grains -not as easily absorbed	104
6140374159	Factors inhibiting iron absorption	-binders -tannins in coffee and tea -antacids -pica	105
6140374160	Iron deficiency	-decreased energy, immune system, -child: easily distracted -feeling cold, decreased wound healing -endurance athletes	106
6140374161	Hemosiderosis	-iron toxicity -may be caused by hemochromatosis -s/s: liver and heart damage, diabetes, arthritis, discoloration of the skin. Weakness and fatigue	107
6140374162	Hemochromatosis	Genetic disorder that allows more dietary iron to absorbed than normal	108
6140374163	Zinc	-cofactors for more than 200 enzymes; carbs and metabolism	109
6140374164	Zinc deficiency	-decrease wound healing, decrease taste and smell -decreased sexual and physical development -immune disorders	110
6140374165	Zinc toxicity	Similar to flu with vomiting, diarrhea, fever and exhaustion	111
6140374166	Zinc RDA and UL	Men 11mg/day Women 8mg/day UL: 40mg/day	112
6140374167	Zinc sources	Meat, fish, poultry, whole grains, legumes and eggs	113
6140374168	Factors affecting zinc absorption	-binders-decrease	114
6140374169	Iodine	-thyroxine synthesis, regulates growth and development Regulation of basal metabolic rate	115
6140374170	Iodine deficiency	Decrease thyroxine (sluggishness and weight gain, goiter, cretinism)	116
6140374171	Iodine toxicity	Thurotoxicosis	117
6140374172	Iodine RDA and UL	Adults 150mcg/day UL: 1100mcg/day	118
6140374173	Iodine sources	Iodized salt and seafood	119
6140374174	Fluoride deficiency	Increases dental carries	120
6140374175	Fluoride toxicity	Fluorosis	121
6140374176	Fluoride RDA and UL	Men 4mg/day Women 3mg UL: 10mg	122
6140374177	Fluoride sources	Fluoride water, tea, seafood and seaweed	123
6140374178	Selenium deficiency	Possible lesbian disorder/cancer	124
6140374179	Selenium toxicity	Liver damage, vomiting and diarrhea	125
6140374180	Selenium RDA and UL	Adults 55 ug UL: 400mcg	126
6140374181	Selenium sources	Meat, fish, eggs and whole grains	127
6140374182	Copper deficiency	None demineralization and anemia	128
6140374183	Copper toxicity	Wilson's disease or with supplements producing vomiting and diarrhea	129
6140374184	Wilson's disease	Inherited disease which is an excess accumulation of copper in the liver, brain, and cornea of the eye	130
6140374185	Copper RDA	Adults 35 ug UL: 10,000 ug	131
6140374186	Copper sources	Organ meats, seafood, green leafy veggies	132
6140374187	Chromium deficiency	Possible link with cardiovascular disorders, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and unresponsive insulin	133
6140374188	Chromium AI	Men 35 ug Women 25 ug	134
6140374189	Chromium sources	Animal food and whole grains	135
6140374190	Manganese AI	Men 2.3 mg Women 1.8mg UL: 11mg	136
6140374191	Manganese sources	Whole grains, green leafy veggies, legumes	137
6140374192	Molybdenum RDA	Adults 45 ug UL: 2000ug -found in many foods	138
6140374193	Flourosis	Molting or brown spotting or the tooth enamel, pitting of teeth	139
6140374194	Thyrotoxicosis	To much iodine causing and iodine induced goiter	140