AP World History Chapter 2 Flashcards

9897093175	2000-500 CE	How long has Israel lasted	0
9897093176	crossroads	Israel has always been a _____	1
9897093177	Sinai	What was the desert in Israel	2
9897093178	mediterranean	Israel is on the _____ coastal plain	3
9897093179	Galilee	fertile land of grassy hills and small plains (israel)	4
9897093180	Dead Sea	In Israel, the Jordan River runs into the...	5
9897093181	conflict and religions	Israel has always been at the center of ____-	6
9897093182	Canaan, Israel, Palestine	Israel can also be called (3 names)	7
9897093183	Hebrews, Israelites, Jews, Israelites in antiquity	The People of Israel can be called (4 names)	8
9897093184	Torah	Hebrew bible	9
9897093185	orally	the torah was originally passed down...	10
9897093186	10th century BCE	When was the torah written down in Phoenician script on scrolls	11
9897093187	Pastoralists	Middle Easterners served as .....	12
9897093188	Abraham	Who does Middle Eastern History begin with	13
9897093189	1800 BCE	When does Abraham migrate to Israel	14
9897093190	Canaan	Abraham migrated from Mesopotamia to....	15
9897093191	suspicious	The settled people were suspicious of Abraham and his people	16
9897093192	Abel	The innocent brother ____ was killed by his farmer brother Cain	17
9897093193	Yahweh	Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed by ____ because of wickedness	18
9897093194	Moses	leads the slaves out of egypt	19
9897093195	Yahweh	Jewish god who demanded their exclusive loyalty	20
9897093196	"Chosen people"	Yahweh considers the Jews to be the "......"	21
9897093197	10 commandments	these serve as a guide	22
9897093198	social justice and compassion	Yahweh was the god of...	23
9897093199	Yahweh	singular, transcendent, personal, ruling over the natural order, engaged in history and demanding social justice and moral righteousness	24
9897093200	Christianity and Islam	The Jewish belief was the foundation on which _____ and _____ were built	25
9897093201	Agricultural way of life	Middle easterners settle down to an....	26
9897093202	Joshua	led the Israelites to Canaan	27
9897093203	"Children of Israel"	12 tribes who descended from Jacob and Joseph, located in different parts of the country	28
9897093204	Ark of Covenant	AKA 10 commandments	29
9897093205	judges	in israel, ____ mediated disputes and welfare of people	30
9897093206	990-930 BCE	Time span of Kingdom of Israel	31
9897093207	David	unites the 12 tribes and made jerusalem the capital of Israel	32
9897093208	Solomon	High point of Israel, son of david	33
9897093209	Solomon	Built the first temple	34
9897093210	721 BCE	When was the first temple destroyed	35
9897093211	Assyrians	Who destroyed the northern kingdom	36
9897093212	Judah	who survives for more than a century by paying tribute	37
9897093213	587 BCE	The Babylonians captured Jerusalem in_____	38
9897093214	cultural identity	during exile, the Jews renewed their _____	39
9897093215	Cyrus the Great	Who allowed the jews to return	40
9897093216	Monotheism	Judaism practices...	41
9897093217	rigid rules	jews lived by rigid rules	42
9897093218	pork	What food could jews not eat	43
9897093219	Saturday	what day is the Sabbath for Jews	44
9897093220	6th century BCE	When was the Persian Empire created	45
9897093221	Persian empire	largest empire in the world	46
9897093222	Iran	known as "land of the Aryans"	47
9897093223	Zagros Mountains	In the west of Iran	48
9897093224	Caucasus Mountains and captain sea	to the nw and n of iran	49
9897093225	copper, tin, iron, gold, silver, wood	mineral resources in iran were....	50
9897093226	But of Kingship	The Persian empire was centered on	51
9897093227	Ahura Mazda	The Persian empire was ruled by will of great Persian god...	52
9897093228	Absolute monarchs	Persians were ruled by..	53
9897093229	550-530 BCE	What was the time span of Cyrus the Great	54
9897093230	Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Babylon	Cyrus the Great conquered... (3)	55
9897093231	tolerance and respect	Cyrus the great was known for...	56
9897093232	Cyrus the Great	allowed jews to return to their homeland	57
9897093233	Cyrus Cylinder	according to Cyrus: he restored peace, released captives and returned prisoners to their homelands, and tolerated local religion and cult practice. This is written on the ....?	58
9897093234	Pasargadae	Where is the tomb of Cyrus found?	59
9897093235	Tomb of Cyrus	one of the few achaemenid monuments that has survived to the present	60
9897093236	Sydney, Austrailia	in 1994, a replica of a bas relief depicting him was erected in a park in....	61
9897093237	multiculturalism	The monument in Australia is intended as a symbol for ..... and to express coexistence and peace	62
9897093238	522-486 BCE	What was the life span of Darius I	63
9897093239	Darius	seizes the persian throne in 522 BCE with the help of the 10,000 immortals	64
9897093240	Indus valley	Darius I extended the persian empire to the...	65
9897093241	Thrace	aka NE Greece and Bulgaria	66
9897093242	23	The persian empire was divided into how many provinces	67
9897093243	satrap	aka governor in persia	68
9897093244	Satraps	usually connected to royal family, encouraged intermarriage, cultural and technological exchange	69
9897093245	shecks	Military officers and tax collectors served as... on the power of the satraps	70
9897093246	royal roads	connected the outlying provinces	71
9897093247	1,600	how many miles long are the royal roads	72
9897093248	communication and commerce	Royal roads improved	73
9897093249	111	how many postal stations are there along the royal roads	74
9897093250	wives and children	The king of persia had numerous...	75
9897093251	influential	persian elite women may have been...	76
9897093252	seasons	The persian king and the court moved with the _____, living in luxurious tents and in palaces of the ancient capitals of Mesopotamia and Iran	77
9897093253	Darius and Xerxes	The Persepolis was constructed by...	78
9897093254	Persepolis	became the ceremonial capital of Persia	79
9897093255	power and wealth	The Persepolis was a symbol of the Persian's ______ and _____	80
9897093256	coronations, weddings, and funerals	What were held at the Persepolis	81
9897093257	247BCE-651 CE	Time span of the Parthanin and Sassanid empires	82
9897093258	Zoroastrianism	religion that originated in Iran	83
9897093259	Zoroaster	Zoroastrianism originated from the teachings of... in the 6th or 7th century BCE	84
9897093260	wisdom	Zoroaster left home in search of ____ and experienced visions of Ahuramazda, he became the prophet and spread the message	85
9897093261	Ahuramazda	Supreme benevolent deity	86
9897093262	the wise lord	What is another name for Ahuramazda	87
9897093263	Good vs evil	Zoroastrian beliefs are centered around...	88
9897093264	rewarded or punished	Zoroastrians believe that humans are _____ or ____ in the afterlife for their actions	89
9897093265	one supreme god	Zoroastrian's preached...	90
9897093266	high ethical standard	Zoroastrian's held humans to high ethical standards	91
9897093267	salvation	Zoroastrian's promised	92
9897093268	Judaism and Christianity	Zoroastrian's influenced _______ and _____ as empire spread west	93
9897093269	Devil	Zoroastrian's believed in God and_____	94
9897093270	Hell	Zoroastrian's believed in heaven and ______	95
9897093271	punishment	Zoroastrian's believed in reward and _______	96
9897093272	end of time	Zoroastrian's believed in messiah and ......	97
9897093273	Balkan Peninsula	Greece is located on the ......	98
9897093274	islands	greece includes thousands of....	99
9897093275	city states	what type of government did Greece have	100
9897093276	Athens and sparta	main two city states	101
9897093277	Mediterranean Sea	Greek "highway" for trade and resources	102
9897093278	Minoans	Earliest Greeks	103
9897093279	Phaistos Disk	Undeciphered syllabic alphabet, used to keep detailed records of economic and commercial matters	104
9897093280	Crete	The Phaistos Disk was found in 1908 in.....	105
9897093281	printing	The Phaistos disk could have been used for....	106
9897093282	Mycenaean	Indo-European invades who descended through the Balkans into Peloponnesus around 2200 BCE	107
9897093283	Minoan	Mycenaean culture was influenced by	108
9897093284	Linear B	What was the Mycenaean language	109
9897093285	Linear A	Mycenaeans adapted _____ to own language	110
9897093286	fortresses and palaces	Mycenaean's built...	111
9897093287	Mycenae	What was the major Mycenaean settlement	112
9897093288	Anatolia, Sicily, southern Italy	Mycenaean's established settlements in....	113
9897093289	Linear A	Minoan script, not deciphered	114
9897093290	Linear B	Mycenaean script, predates Greek alphabet	115
9897093291	end of Mycenaean civilization	Linear B dies out with the end of the...	116
9897093292	Lion Gate	Wha ruin in Mycenae illustrates the heavy fortifications but by the Mycenaeans to protect their settlements	117
9897093293	Dark Ages	A period in the eastern mediterranean characterized by depopulation, poverty, and isolation	118
9897093294	1100 to 800 BCE	Political turmoil and chaos ensues in the Mediterranean from....	119
9897093295	Homer's epics	The dark ages coincide with the description in...	120
9897093296	1200 BCE	When was the Trojan war	121
9897093297	The Polis	urban center, dominating surrounding rural areas	122
9897093298	acropolis	fortified top for refuge	123
9897093299	agora	open area for assembling, government buildings, and market place	124
9897093300	acropolis and agora	Greek City states featured..	125
9897093301	hoplites	heavily armed infantrymen who fought in closely packed	126
9897093302	few	Sparta practiced rule by the..	127
9897093303	28	Sparta had rule by ___ men over age 60	128
9897093304	Peloponnese	Where are the spartans from	129
9897093305	militarized	sparta was a highly ___ society	130
9897093306	helots	invaded neighbors and subjugated people in sparta	131
9897093307	10:1	Helots outnumbered spartans with what ratio	132
9897093308	helot rebellion	What did the Spartans always fear	133
9897093309	Austerity	What was the norm in Spartan society?	134
9897093310	iron bars	What did spartans use for currency	135
9897093311	7	When were spartan boys removed from their family	136
9897093312	simplicity, frugality, and austerity	What were the Spartans known for	137
9897093313	30	Spartans could marry, but there was no home life until age..	138
9897093314	democratic principles	Athens created a government based on...	139
9897093315	free adult males	Athenian democracy was open to all ____	140
9897093316	maritime trade	because of the prosperity of _________ in 7th century BCE aristocrats increased their landholding and dominated smaller landholders	141
9897093317	debt slavery	similar to indentured servitude	142
9897093318	Solon's reforms	kept aristocrats to keep large landholdings, banned debt slavery	143
9897093319	common classes	Solon's reforms allowed fro representation of the ____ in the assembly	144
9897093320	office holders	Solon's reforms paid salaries to .....	145
9897093321	Age of Pericles	Athenian "golden age"	146
9897093322	461-421 BCE	Pericles ruled from...	147
9897093323	government offices	in the age of pericles men of all classes were chosen by lot to fill _____ and they were being paid to they could participate	148
9897093324	assembly of all citizens	focal point of age of pericles	149
9897093325	Public works	The age of pericles had massive....	150
9897093326	cultural development	What was encouraged in the age of pericles	151
9897093327	population pressure	What causes the greeks to colonize	152
9897093328	Aegean, Black, and Mediterranean sea	Greek colonization spreads their culture throughout...	153
9897093329	Sicily and southern Italy	most popular greek colonization sites .......?	154
9897093330	copper, zinc, tin, and iron	Fertile fields in Sicily provided access to	155
9897093331	olives and grapes	Greece was rich in what crops	156
9897093332	Commerce	What is the basis of Athenian economy	157
9897093333	fur, fish, grain, timber, honey, gold, amber, and slaves	The black sea provided...	158
9897093334	Persian Wars	revolt against Persian empire in Ionia	159
9897093335	500-479 BCE	What were the dates of the Persian Wars	160
9897093336	Marathon	in 490 BCE, this battle was when Persia was defeated	161
9897093337	Xerxes	successor after Persian wars	162
9897093338	300	in the battle of Thermopylae how many spartans were in battle and how many died	163
9897093339	Salamis	advantage persians burn them, but drives out in the straight using the trireme	164
9897093340	Platea	last land battle where Persian threat is over	165
9897093341	naval	Athen's ___ technology made them powerful and wealthy	166
9897093342	oar	military ships couldn't depend on wind only so they used _____	167
9897093343	170	how many rowers propelled the boat	168
9897093344	metal	warships had ____ tipped rams	169
9897093345	Poleis	created the Delian League to forestall more Persian attacks	170
9897093346	Athens	lead the Delian League	171
9897093347	Periclean	massive payments to Athens fuels ____ expansion	172
9897093348	economic interests	The Delian League promoted their....	173
9897093349	Piraeus port	most important commercial center in the east Mediterranean sea	174
9897093350	Parthenon	The Delian league built the _____ during Pericles time	175
9897093351	tragedies and comedies	what type of plays did the delian league promote	176
9897093352	artist and thinkers	what type of people were attracted to Athens	177
9897093353	beauty and perfection	The Greeks idealized ___ and ____ of the human body	178
9897093354	Peloponnesian War	Civil war in Greece between Athens or Sparta	179
9897093355	431-404 BCE	Dates of Peloponnesian War	180
9897093356	Sparta	who won the peloponnesian war	181
9897093357	moral and intellectual	After the Peloponnesian war, Athens lost their reputation as _____ and _____ leader and becomes known as the arrogant, insensitive, and imperialist powers	182
9897093358	Macedon	frontier region to north of Peloponnesus	183
9897093359	King Philip II	builds massive Macedon military	184
9897093360	Alexander the Great	Son of Philip II	185
9897093361	20	how old was Alexander the Great when he took the throne	186
9897093362	Aristotle	tutored alexander the great	187
9897093363	Bucephalus	name of Alexander's horse	188
9897093364	Alexandria egypt	Most famous city named after Alexander the Great	189
9897093365	generals	After Alexander's death, the empire was divided by 3 ______	190
9897093366	Antigonus empire	greece and macedon empire	191
9897093367	ptolemy	Egypt empire	192
9897093368	Seleucus	persian achaemenid empire	193
9897093369	Hellenism	most important outcome of Alexander the Great's conquests	194
9897093370	Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian	Hellenistic culture was a mix of what 4 empires	195
9897093371	Antigenic empire	smallest of Hellenistic empires	196
9897093372	resented rule	Greek cities often _____ and sought independence under the Antigenic Empire	197
9897093373	Ptolemaic Empire	wealthiest of the Hellenistic empires	198
9897093374	monopolies	The Ptolemaic empire was an established state of ___	199
9897093375	textiles, salt, beer	What did the Ptolemaic empire have the monopoly on	200
9897093376	Alexandria	Capital of the Ptolemaic empire	201
9897093377	Alexandria	center of the Hellenistic world	202
9897093378	Alexandria	location of Alexander's tomb, and first known research library	203
9897093379	The Seleucid empire	massive colonization of greeks and indians	204
9897093380	Greek	What language are Ashoka's edicts written in	205
9897093381	Panhellenic festivals	useful for integrating far flung colonies	206
9897093382	Olympic games	Best known of the Panhellenic festivals	207
9897093383	776 BCE	When did the Olympic games begin	208
9897093384	olive wreaths	what did winners of the olympics receive	209
9897093385	fathers, husbands, and sons	Greek women fell to authority of...	210
9897093386	male	Who was greek weddings arranged by	211
9897093387	Chattel slavery	people used for hard labor, domestic servants, or even business	212
9897093388	Scythians, Nubians	Names of slaves in Ukraine and Africa	213
9897093389	Pasion	slave who was a clear at a bank who turned profits for masters. He gained his freedom, took over management of bank, outfitted 5 warships, and was granted Athenian citizenship	214
9897093390	Astronomy, math, medicine, geometry, and architecture	What did the Greeks study	215
9897093391	observation, evidence, rational thought, and human reason	Greeks began to rely on...	216
9897093392	Phoenician	Greeks borrowed the ____ alphabet and added vowels to represent speech	217
9897093393	470-399 BCE	life span of Socrates	218
9897093394	The socratic method	questions of assumptions and logic	219
9897093395	Socrates	taught Plato	220
9897093396	wisdom and virtue	Socrates urged the pursuit of _______	221
9897093397	ethics and morality	Socrates believed that _____ and ____ were more important than wealth, fame, and superficial attributes	222
9897093398	gadfly	one who challenges people in positions of power, the status quo, or popular position	223
9897093399	immorality and corruption of youth	What was Socrates condemned on charges for...	224
9897093400	Socrates	played the role of the public gadfly	225
9897093401	hemlock	Socrates was forced to drink	226
9897093402	Aristotle	Plato taught..	227
9897093403	Alexander the Great	Aristotle taught..	228
9897093404	430-347	Plato's time span...	229
9897093405	Socratic thought	Plato wrote down...	230
9897093406	The Republic	Plato wrote..	231
9897093407	ideal society, smart	The Republic by Plato described an _____ with rule by the ___	232
9897093408	sense	Aristotle relied on ___ to provide accurate information of world and depend on reason to sort out	233
9897093409	Aristotle	"The master of those who know"	234
9897093410	biology, physics, astronomy, psychology, this, and literature	Aristotle wrote on..	235
9897093411	Herodotus	wrote about the Greco-Persian wars to discover "the reason why the fought one another"	236
9897093412	Herodotus	Father of history	237
9897093413	Hippocratic oath	oath taken by physicians	238
9897093414	functions of the body	Hippocrates explained the...	239
9897093415	4 fluids	Hippocrates believed the body was composed of ____ which when out of balance cause ailments	240
9897093416	Hippocrates	traced organs of epilepsy to heredity	241
9897093417	Epicureans	Philosophy that believed pleasure is the greatest good, a state of quiet satisfaction	242
9897093418	Skeptics	Philosophy that doubted possibly of certainty in anything	243
9897093419	Stoic	most influential philosophy	244
9897093420	Stoic	Philosophy that believed that one should concentrate on the duty, virtue to aid others. emphasized inner peace	245
9897093421	polytheists	Greeks were... (belief in multiple gods_	246
9897093422	Zeus	principal god of Greece	247
9897093423	religious cults	Greeks had..	248
9897093424	women	The fertility cult of Demeter was for...	249
9897093425	Dionysus	god of wine	250
9897093426	Cult of Dionysus	cult celebrated also by mostly women in the spring when fruit produced wine	251
9897093427	Aeschylus, Sophocles, euripides	major greek playwrights	252
9897093428	Aristophanes	greek comedy	253