AP World History Period 4 Flashcards

9840696200	Period 4	(1450-1750) Global Interactions	0
9840696201	Existing Regional Patterns of Trade	Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Sahara, and Overland Eurasia	1
9840696202	Navigational Technologies	New tools, ship designs, and understanding of wind and current patterns based on Asian and Islamic knowledge and technology	2
9840696203	Wind and Current Patterns	Knowledge of these patterns helped created new connections between Eastern and Western hemispheres	3
9840696204	Cartography	New practice of making maps	4
9840696205	Caravel	New ship design that helped create connections between Eastern and Western hemispheres	5
9840696206	Gunpowder, Cannons, and Armed Trade	Imperial expansion relied on the use of these	6
9840696207	Portuguese Trading-Post Empire	These people traveled to West Africa through transoceanic maritime travels and developed these.	7
9840696208	Spanish Sponsored Travels	These were across the Atlantic (Colombian) and Pacific	8
9840696209	Northern Atlantic Crossings	Fishing and settlements continued and spurred searches for routes to Asia	9
9840696210	Silver	Crucial material in Atlantic system to global economy. Came from spanish colonies in America's to purchase Asian goods	10
9840696211	Indian Ocean Trading System	Regional markets continued to flourish as Europeans transported goods between markets on this, supporting global circulation of goods.	11
9840696212	Omani-European Rivalry	Competition of asian trade caused this	12
9840696213	Mercantilist Policies	(government involved in economics so government gets more money) Used by rulers to control economies and overseas territories.	13
9840696214	Joint-Stock Companies	A way European rulers and merchants financed exploration and competition for trade.	14
9840696215	Atlantic Trading System	Involving colonies in America in global circulation of goods.	15
9840696216	Mixing of Culture	An effect of the Colombian exchange was the mixing of American, European, and African people in America	16
9840696217	Colombian Exchange	Spread of disease, crops, animals, and foods across the Atlantic.	17
9840696218	Spread of Disease	Smallpox, measles and influenza from Europeans killed millions of Amerindians	18
9840696219	Spread of Crops	Potatoes, maize, fruit trees and grains from America increase populations in Afro-Eurasia	19
9840696220	Spread of Domesticated Animals	Horses, pigs and cattle brought to America from Europe	20
9840696221	Okra and Rice	Foods brought by African slaves to the Americas	21
9840696222	Mosquitoes and Rats	Carriers of diseases from Europe to America	22
9840696223	Population Fluctuations	Growth: new foods and animals. Decline: disease	23
9840696224	Global Spread of Christianity	A religious effect of the Colombian Exchange	24
9840696225	European Maritime Empires	Atlantic system caused competition between these.	25
9840696226	Cash Crops	Sugarcane and Tobacco grown on plantations with coerced labor	26
9840696227	Renaissance	As wealth of merchants and governments increases, more funding goes to this	27
9840696228	Literacy Rates	Increasing thanks to new visual, performance, and literary arts as well as scientific inquiry during the Renaissance.	28
9840696229	Little Ice Age	Drove innovations in agricultural practices to help stabilize European populations	29
9840696230	Peasant Labor and Revolts	A continuation of societal practices from the past in Europe	30
9840696231	European Gentry and Urban Commercian Entrepreneurs	New elites in European society	31
9840696232	Smaller Families	A social change in families in Europe	32
9840696233	European Nobles	Old elites in Europeans society	33
9840696234	Protestant and Catholic Reformations	This diversification and reformation in Christianity influenced the spread of Christianity outside of Europe	34
9840696235	Divine Right	A continued method to legitimize rule of of kings by claiming to be chosen by god	35
9840696236	Palace of Versailles	An example of art and architecture continuing old methods to legitimize rule to grow more powerful	36
9840696237	Thirty Years' War	An intensification of state rivalries in result to rulers growing more powerful.	37
9840696238	Russian Empire	Grew dramatically in size due to imperial expansion relying on guns and cannons.	38
9840696239	Maritime Empires in Americas	Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French and British	39
9840696240	Aztec Empire	Fails due to European diseases and guns	40
9840696241	European Colonies	These were established to produce raw materials	41
9840696242	Piracy in Caribbean	European competition over trade in America's resulted in trade wars and this	42
9840696243	Creoles	(spanish descent people born in america's) New elite in response to diversity with differential treatment of	43
9840696244	Mestizo and Mulatto	New racial classifications. 1/2 spanish 1/2 indian or 1/2 spanish 1/2 black	44
9840696245	República de Indos	Spanish created this for Amerindians	45
9840696246	Chattel Slavery	Coerced labor where African slaved could be bought and sold (increased with growth of plantation economy).	46
9840696247	Indentured Servitude	Coerced labor where poor Europeans worked to pay for passage to America.	47
9840696248	Encomienda and Hacienda Systems	Coerced labor where spanish forced Amerindians to work in these and mines.	48
9840696249	Inca Mit'a	Coerced Labor that was adapted to forced Amerindians to work for Spanish	49
9840696250	Plantation Economy	Chattel slavery increased in result of this type of economy.	50
9840696251	Sugar and Silver	Europeans established colonies to produce these raw materials	51
9840696252	Deforestation and Soil Depletion	Introduction of European agriculture practices resulted in this	52
9840696253	Vodun	An example of syncretism that was a mix of Christianity and African religion	53
9840696254	Traditional Patterns of Slavery	Incorporation of female slaves into households and the export of slaves into Mediterranean and Indian Ocean	54
9840696255	Atlantic Slave Trade	A change in Africa along with the growth of plantation economy in Americas	55
9840696256	Gun Slave Cycle	This destructive practice contributed to slave trade and growth of plantation economy	56
9840696257	Ashanti and Benin	Europeans established trading posts along coast but these local states limited their impact	57
9840696258	Middle Passage	Creates African diaspora as millions of Africans are forced to endure this	58
9840696259	African Diaspora	Created through the Middle Passage	59
9840696260	Demographic Changes	Women/men ration imbalanced and population decline in Africa	60
9840696261	King of Kongo	Spread Christianity through Atlantic Slave Trade	61
9840696262	Songhay Empire	Promoted and used Islam to legitimize rule in West Africa's savannah	62
9840780298	Gunpowder Empires	Muslim rulers made extensive use of guns and cannons	63
9840780299	Ottoman Empire	Land empire that spanned Asia, Africa, and Europe and had centralized rule.	64
9840780300	Ottoman Devshirme	A part of the centralized rule characterized by giving up children for school and if they succeed they become bureaucratic elites and if they don't they become military elites.	65
9840780301	Janissaries	The military elite that came from the devshirme system.	66
9840780302	Suleyman the Magnificent	A powerful sultan that showed centralized rule in the Ottoman Empire	67
9840780303	Ottoman Miniature Paintings	Powerful sultans legitimized and glorified their rule with art	68
9840780304	Mosques	Powerful sultans legitimized and glorified their rule with architecture	69
9840955569	Tax Farming	Generated revenue for territorial expansion in he Ottoman Empire	70
9840955570	Tax for Non-Muslims	Ottoman people were tolerant but differential of ethnic and religious minorities	71
9840955571	Shiism	Rulers in the Safavid empire used this to legitimize their rule	72
9840955572	Shi'a-Sunni Split	State rivalries between Safavid and Ottoman empires intensified this	73
9840955573	Mughal Empire	Empire in South Asia with rulers legitimizing rule, religious diversity, and robust society.	74
9840955574	Mughal Society	Peasants and Artisans increased production of cotton textiles	75
9840955575	Zamindars	Existing land-owning elites of Mughal empire	76
9840955576	Taj Mahal	Example of a ruler legitimizing and glorifying their rule with architecture of mosques and mausolea	77
9840955577	Sikhism	Syncretic belief system (hindu-muslim)	78
9840955578	Buddhist Schools	Syncretism of buddhism spread through new practices and this	79
9840955579	Sufism in South Ease Asia	Missionaries of this spread religions with syncretism	80
9840955580	Southeast Asian Women	We're relied on by men for trading	81
9840955581	European Trading Post Empires	Limited impact by local states	82
9840955582	Qing Empire	Chinese Empire with new elites, territorial expansion, and legitimizing rulers	83
9840955583	Manchus in China	This new elite continued from old bureaucratic elite with examination system	84
9840955584	Examination System	Rulers are chosen based on their knowledge of a specific topic	85
9840955585	Tribute Collection	This and taxes were used to generate revenue for territorial expansion of the Qing empire	86
9840955586	Qing Imperial Portraits	Rulers legitimized their rule with this type of art in China	87
9840955587	Public Performance of Confucian Rituals	Emperors legitimized their rule in doing this	88
9840955588	Silk, Porcelain and Tea	Peasants and artisans in China increased production of this	89
9840955589	Tokugawa Shogunate	Japan with adapted gunpowder weapons, social elites, military professionals, and policy of isolation to limit European impact.	90
9840955590	Daimyo	Continued as existing social elite in Japan	91
9840955591	Salaried Samauri	Military professionals in Japan that sometimes revolted against state consolidation.	92