APES Flashcards

5600060650	What makes tundra different than desert	different evaporation rate	0
5600060651	Percent of the land on the Earth is tundra	10%	1
5600060652	Tundra that is furthest north	arctic tundra	2
5600060653	Why there is no arctic tundra at southern latitudes	no land at the analogous southern latitudes	3
5600060654	Tundra associated with mountains	alpine tundra	4
5600060655	Alpine tundra is a ... community	subclimax	5
5600060656	Max precipitation for tundra	25 cm	6
5600060657	Along with low precipitation there is extremely low ...	evaporation	7
5600060658	In the tundra, winter is about ... long	9 months	8
5600060659	The order of soil in the tundra	gelisols	9
5600060660	Tundra soil has massive amounts of ...	detritus	10
5600060661	Upper layer of tundra soil; frozen and indistinguishable from the layer beneath it in the winter, but muddy in the summer	active zone	11
5600060662	Layer of permanently frozen soil	permafrost	12
5600060663	Tundra plants grow ...	low and close to the ground	13
5600060664	Tundra animals are mostly ... and ...	endothermic seasonally change in color	14
5600060665	Why do animals migrate to the tundra	to breed in a safe space with less predators	15
5600060666	Examples of animals that migrate to the tundra	Porcupine caribou Herring gull	16
5600060667	Main threat to the tundra	global warming	17
5600060668	Albedo	how much light it reflects	18
5600060669	Higher albedo	reflects more light	19
5600060670	Lower albedo	absorbs more light	20
5600060671	Has the highest albedo	ice/snow	21
5600060672	Has the lowest albedo	land/ocean	22
5600060673	Cheapest method of transporting oil	pipeline	23
5600060674	The 10-02 Area is within the ...	ANWR (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge)	24
5600060675	The 10-02 Area is ... acres	1.5 million	25
5600060676	"Delay definition"	Wilderness unless redefined by Congress	26
5600060677	Oil in the U.S. comes from	1. Produced in the U.S. 2. Purchased from friendly countries (Mexico and Canada) 3. OPEC	27
5600060678	Top oil producers	Russia, Saudi Arabia, U.S.	28
5600060679	Fracking	hydraulic fracturing	29
5600060680	Why has fracking dramatically increased	Use of water instead of fluid	30
5600060681	When oil production matches demand	Peak Oil	31
5600090117	The temperate grassland is a ... community	subclimax	32
5600094685	temperate means	4 distinct seasons in terms of temp and equal in size	33
5600113935	what grasslands are called in U.S. and Canada	prairies	34
5600119332	what grasslands called in Eastern Europe	steppe	35
5600124950	what grasslands in south america	pampas	36
5600136071	what grasslands in south africa	veld/veldt	37
5600139877	what defines the height of grass	precipitation	38
5600175452	what natural event keeps grasslands a subclimax community	natural occurring fires, natural grazers- Bison, and seasonal precipitation	39
5600194946	soil in the temperate grasslands	mollisols	40
5600199528	temperate grasslands soil is rich in	humus	41
5600205781	what is the main source of organic matter in temperate grasslands soil	roots of plants	42
5600211241	bunch grasses	grow in clumps, seed to land	43
5600214875	sod forming/ turf grasses	one plant all connected through the roots - runners	44
5600222801	rhizome	runner below ground	45
5600225417	stolon	above ground runner	46
5646751660	forbs	tend to have bigger leaves and more colorful flowers	47
5646753773	ungulates	four legged mammals mostly hooved	48
5646759811	fire supression	stopped secondary succession	49
5646763939	prescribed burns	intentionally set and correctly controlled fire to reset secondary succession	50
5646773954	fire break	pre burned border	51
5646778369	captive breeding room	re-boost population	52
5646783157	shrews	eat several times a day for energy and burrow	53
5646795615	desertification	agriculture land turned into arid land	54
5646798737	overgrazing	grazing the soil bare	55
5646805955	dust bowl	example of desertification	56
5646811413	propper soil management	irrigation, low till agriculture, strip cropping, shelter belts, contour farming	57
5646818365	strip cropping	alternating rows of 2 different harvestable crops	58
5646823231	shelter belts	trees around crops to keep wind away	59
5646828318	contour farming	planting perpendicular to the grade	60
5767657547	terracing	carve grade out	61
5767660310	crop rotation	spreads out impact of the soil	62
5767663624	tropical grassland biome	always warm climate and 30 N and S	63
5767668347	tropical grasslands are .... communities	subclimax	64
5767670741	tropical grassland in africa and australia	savanna	65
5767672878	tropical grassland in Venezuela	llanos	66
5767675150	tropical grassland in brazil	cerrado	67
5767688422	tropical grasslands precipitation	long dry season and brief season of rain	68
5767690117	ungulates	obivorous grazers - follow rain	69
5767697656	tropical grassland soil is called	vertisols - good when wet, bad when dry - cracks - lots of organic matter	70
5767713631	adaptations of trees	perennial - dormant during dry - water storage tissues	71
5767719148	accacia trees	thorns to protect from predators	72
5767721048	monocots	living tissue inside of trunk - easily burn	73
5767724360	dicots	living tissue on outside - dont burn easily	74
5767741054	tropical grassland animals	greater number of ugulates	75
5767742858	poaching	illegal hunting	76
5767746399	African elephants	hunted for ivory and trunks	77
5767749037	African rhinos	horns that thought could be made into tea to cure any disease	78
5767755115	substance farming	people growing food to eat	79
5767789886	coniferous forset biome	subclimax	80
5767781897	conebearing trees	furs and pines	81
5767783542	pine barrens have....	sandy soil	82
5767833977	taiga	ring of boreal forests under tundra	83
5767838469	mixed forest	coniferous and hardwoord trees - under alpine forest	84
5767847681	deciduous	hardwood trees	85
5767853756	taiga and alpine exist because	too cold for hardwood, sandy acidic soil, and fire keeps subclimax	86
5767861640	taiga climate	long winter, between arctic and temperate	87
5767867712	soil of coniferous biome	spodisols - thick detritus, had E horizon	88
5767887739	E horizon	between A and B - zone of elevation - water percolates easily	89
5767902593	trees are coned shaped	keep the snow, have needles - cold temps	90
5767907481	evergreen	doesnt losse its leaves	91
5767911179	resin	sticky that prevents predators	92
5767929435	arboreal	tree adapted	93
5767931092	deforestation	destruction of forest lands as a result of human activity	94
5767943179	logging	cut down trees for wood resource	95
5767946536	logging methods	clear cutting, selective cutting, ecologically sustainable harvesting	96
5767956789	human affect of coniferous forest	logging, agriculture, development	97
5767988711	consequences of deforestation	habitat destruction, invasive species, and hunting	98
5767993437	habitat destruction	animals impact surrounding areas and soil erosion	99
5767998203	invasive species	hemlock trees - wooly adelgid pine trees - pine Beatles - carry fungus	100
5768005745	hunting	fur trade	101