DNA (AP BIOLOGY) Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 5977634708 | DNA-RNA-Protein-Trait | flow of biological info | 0 | |
| 5977634709 | deoxyribonucleic acid | what does DNA stand for? | 1 | |
| 5977634710 | genetic code | DNA carries the ? | 2 | |
| 5977634711 | stores; transmits | DNA ? and ? genetic info from one generation to the next | 3 | |
| 5977634712 | organic | DNA is a type of ? compund | 4 | |
| 5977634713 | nucleic acid | DNA is an example of ? | 5 | |
| 5977634714 | Watson and Crick | who are the two people who built a 3D model of DNA | 6 | |
| 5977634715 | double helix | what is DNAs structure | 7 | |
| 5977634716 | Rosalind Franklin | who took x-rays of a DNA? | 8 | |
| 5977634717 | nucleus | where is DNA inside of a eukaryotic cell? | 9 | |
| 5977634718 | cytoplasm | where is DNA inside a prokaryotic cell? | 10 | |
| 5977634727 | polymer; monomer | DNA is a ? made of many ? | 11 | |
| 5977634728 | nucleotide | what is the monomer of DNA | 12 | |
| 5977634729 | phosphate | one ?+one sugar+one base=nucleotide | 13 | |
| 5977634730 | sugar | one phosphate+one ?+one base=nucleotide | 14 | |
| 5977634731 | base | one phosphate+one suagr+one ?=nucleotide | 15 | |
| 5977634732 | nucleotide | one phosphate+one sugar+one base=? | 16 | |
| 5977634733 | phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar | what are the sides of the ladder made of? | 17 | |
| 5977634734 | nitrogen bases | what are the steps of the ladder made of? | 18 | |
| 5977634735 | A+T; C+G | what are the base pairing rules? | 19 | |
| 5977634736 | A and G | what are the two purines? | 20 | |
| 5977634737 | purines | what is this |  | 21 |
| 5977634738 | pryimidines |  | 22 | |
| 5977634739 | 3 | how many rings does it take to make a step? | 23 | |
| 5977634740 | 2 | how many rings are in a purine? | 24 | |
| 5977634741 | 1 | how many rings are in a pyrimidine? | 25 | |
| 5977634742 | A | what does T pair with | 26 | |
| 5977634743 | T | what does A pair with | 27 | |
| 5977634744 | G | what does C pair with | 28 | |
| 5977634745 | C | what does G pair with | 29 | |
| 5977634746 | hyrdorgen | what types of bonds are found between the nitrogen bases | 30 | |
| 5977634747 | covalent | what type of bonds are found in the back bone | 31 | |
| 5977634748 | back bone | what is made of phosphates and sugars | 32 | |
| 5977634749 | A and T | which two bases have 2 hydrogen bonds | 33 | |
| 5977634750 | C and G | which two bases have 3 hydrogen bonds | 34 | |
| 5977634751 | same | each cell within the same body contains the ? DNA | 35 | |
| 5977634752 | divide | before a cell can ?, it must must an exact replica of its DNA | 36 | |
| 5977634753 | exact | before a cell can divide, it must make an ? replica of its DNA | 37 | |
| 5977634754 | DNA | before a cell can divide, it must make an exact replica of its ? | 38 | |
| 5977634755 | replication | process that an exact replication of DNA is made | 39 | |
| 5977634756 | hydrogen bonds | ? bonds are broken by the enzyme helicase and DNA unzips | 40 | |
| 5977634757 | helicase | hydrogen bonds are broken by the enzyme ? and DNA unzips | 41 | |
| 5977634758 | complementary halves | in the second step, DNA molecules split into ? becoming template strands | 42 | |
| 5977634759 | template | DNA molecules split into complementary haves becoming ? strands | 43 | |
| 5977634760 | nucleotides | ? match up with their complementary bases | 44 | |
| 5977634761 | nucleotides; nucleus | free ? are abundant in the ? | 45 | |
| 5977634762 | DNA polymerase | nucleotides are linked into 2 new strands of DNA with the enzyme ? | 46 | |
| 5977634763 | proof reads | DNA polymerase also ? | 47 | |
| 5977634764 | semiconservative | what is the method of replicating DNA called | 48 | |
| 5977634765 | several locations | DNA replication can take place in ? at the same time | 49 | |
| 5977634766 | antiparallel | DNA strands are ?, one is is 5' and the other is 3' | 50 | |
| 5977634767 | 5'; 3' | one end of DNA is ? and ? | 51 | |
| 5977634768 | 3' | what is the side that can receive incoming nucleotides called | 52 | |
| 5977634769 | leading | the strand that is built continuously is called the ? strand | 53 | |
| 5977634770 | lagging | the strand that is built in fragments is called the ? strand | 54 | |
| 5977634771 | DNA ligase enzyme | how how okazaki fragments joined together | 55 | |
| 5977634772 | okazaki frgaments | what are the fragments called on the lagging strand | 56 | |
| 5977634775 | Griffith and The Mice | In this experiment, it was concluded that a hereditary factor is transferred to the harmless cells. | 57 | |
| 5977634776 | Avery and The Mice | In this experiment, they were trying to determine which heredity factor protein transferred the disease causing ability. It was concluded that DNA is responsible for transformation of the bacteria. | 58 | |
| 5977634777 | Hershey/Chase and The Bacteriophage | In this experiment, radioactive proteins were used to conclude that DNA is the hereditary molecule in Viruses. | 59 | |
| 5977634778 | Watson and Crick | These two scientists were credited for discovering the structure of DNA. | 60 | |
| 5977634779 | Wilken and Franklin | These two scientists took x-ray diffraction photographs of DNA crystals, but were not credited for the discovery of the DNA structure. | 61 | |
| 5977634780 | Nucleotide | What is this entire structure called? |  | 62 |
| 5977634781 | Deoxyribose (Sugar) | What is Letter B? |  | 63 |
| 5977634782 | Phosphate | What is Letter A? | | 64 |
| 5977634783 | Nitrogenous Base | What is Letter C? | | 65 |
| 5977634784 | Hydrogen Bond | What type of bond hold together two nitrogenous bases? | 66 | |
| 5977634785 | Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C). | What are the four nitrogenous bases? | 67 | |
| 5977634786 | Purines | This "flavor" of nitrogenous base has a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. | 68 | |
| 5977634787 | Pyrimidines | This "flavor" of nitrogenous base has a sing ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. | 69 | |
| 5977634788 | A and G | Which two nitrogenous bases are purines? | 70 | |
| 5977634789 | T and C | Which two nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? | 71 | |
| 5977634790 | A:T as G:C | Name the complementary bases. | 72 | |
| 5977634791 | AACGTTC | Write the complementary DNA strand to: TTGCAAG | 73 | |
| 5977634792 | To store information. | What is the function of DNA? | 74 | |
| 5977634793 | DNA Replication | The process of making a copy of DNA. | 75 | |
| 5977634794 | DNA Helicase | This enzyme is responsible for splitting the two DNA strands in DNA Replication. | 76 | |
| 5977634795 | DNA Polymerase | This enzyme is responsible assembling DNA nucleotides into polynucleotides using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template. | 77 | |
| 5977634796 | Prokaryotes | This type of cell does DNA replication in a circular shape. | 78 | |
| 5977634797 | Eukaryotes | This type of cell does DNA replication in one direction. | 79 | |
| 5977634798 | Mutation | Any change to the sequence of a DNA strand is called a...? | 80 | |
| 5977634799 | Point Mutation | This type of mutation results in a change to a single nucleotide pair in a DNA molecule. | 81 | |
| 5977634800 | Point Mutation | This type of mutation substitutes the change of one amino acid to another one. | 82 | |
| 5977634803 | Frameshift Insertion Mutation | This type of mutation shifts the "reading" frame of genetic message by inserting a nucleotide into the sequence. | 83 | |
| 5977634804 | Transcription | The organic process where the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA. | 84 | |
| 5977634805 | RNA Polymerase | An enzyme in transcription that unwinds the DNA strand and produces the mRNA that matches. | 85 | |
| 5977634806 | Translation | The process where genetic information coded in mRNA directs the formation of a specific protein in a ribosome in the cytoplasm. | 86 | |
| 5977634807 | mRNA | This type of RNA is a single stranded molecule that carries the instruction from a gene to make a protein. | 87 | |
| 5977634808 | rRNA | This type of RNA along with proteins forms the ribosomes which are the sites of protein synthesis. | 88 | |
| 5977634809 | tRNA | This type of RNA transfers amino acids to the ribosomes to make protein. | 89 | |
| 5977634810 | Codon | A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid. | 90 | |
| 5977634811 | AUGCUUGGC | Convert this DNA template strand into an mRNA stand: TACGAACCG | 91 |