AP Biology- Biochemistry1 Flashcards

7315724152	ionic bond	bond resulting from a transfer of electrons	0
7315724153	covalent bond	bond resulting from the sharing of electrons	1
7315724154	nonpolar	electrons shared equally	2
7315724155	polar	electrons shared unequally	3
7315724156	buffer	substance that resists changes in pH	4
7315724157	isomer	organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structure	5
7315724158	structural isomer	isomer differing in the arrangement of atoms	6
7315724159	geometric isomer	isomer differing in the spacial arrangement of double bonds	7
7315724160	optical isomers / enantiomer	isomers that are mirror images of each other	8
7315724161	monosaccharide	C6H12O6 simple sugar; glucose, galactose, and fructose	9
7315724162	disaccharide	two monosaccharides joined together; C12H22O1; maltose, lactose, and sucrose	10
7315724164	hydrolysis	breakdown of a compound by adding water	11
7315724165	polysaccharide	polymers of carbohydrates	12
7315724169	fatty acid	hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end; majority portion in lipids	13
7315724173	peptide bond	bond creating amino acid chains or polymers	14
7315724174	primary structure	linear sequence of amino acids; peptide bonds	15
7315724175	secondary structure	protein formed with hydrogen bonds	16
7315724176	tertiary structure	3D conformation formed; determines specificity	17
7315724177	quaternary structure	protein with more than one polypeptide chain	18
7315724178	alpha helix	secondary structure form of a protein; human hair (keratin)	19
7315724179	beta pleated sheet	secondary structure form of a protein; spider webs and silk	20
7315724180	functional group	components of organic molecules most often involved in chemical reactions	21
7315724181	metabolism	sum of all chemical reactions that take place in cell	22
7315724182	enzyme	catalytic protein that lowers a reaction's energy of activation	23
7315724183	induced fit model	enzyme model where the substrate induces the enzyme to alter its shape slightly so it fits better	24
7315724184	cofactor	inorganic enzyme assist	25
7315724185	coenzyme	organic enzyme assist (vitamins)	26
7315724186	competitive inhibition	compounds that look like the normal substrate compete for the same active site on the enzyme	27
7315724187	noncompetitive inhibition	more than one active site and the substrates do not look like each other	28
7315724188	allosteric inhibition	two active sites, one for a substrate and one for an inhibitor	29
7315724189	cohesion	capacity to resist tension to rupture	30
7315724191	chemical equilibrium	when the reaction rate is about the same in either direction	31
7315724192	polymer	long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together	32
7315724193	monomer	building block for polymers; only made by producers	33
7315724194	adhesion	attraction between different kinds of molecules	34
7315724195	surface tension	measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid	35
7315724196	van der Waals interactions	tertiary structure; weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations	36
7315724197	evaporative cooling / heat of vaporization	property of a liquid where the surface becomes cooler during evaporation due to the loss of molecules	37
7315724199	hydrophobic interaction	tertiary structure; weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water change to exclude the water	38
7315724200	hydrocarbon	organic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon	39
7315724201	macromolecule	giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules	40
7315724203	nucleotide	building block of a nucleic acid; five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogen base and a phosphate group	41
7315724204	pyramidine	cytosine, thymine, and uracil; six-membered ring	42
7315724205	purine	adenine and guanine; six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring	43
7315724206	hydroxyl	hydrogen bonded to oxygen bonded to an organic molecule's carbon skeleton; alcohol; polar	44
7315724207	carbonyl	carbon double bonded to oxygen; ketones and aldehydes	45
7315724208	carboxyl	oxygen double bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to a hydroxyl group	46
7315724209	amine	nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and to the carbon skeleton	47
7315724211	phosphate	phosphorous bonded to four oxygens, two have negative charges, one is bonded to the carbon skeleton; phospholipid	48
7315724212	methyl	carbon bonded to three hydrogens; arrangement determines function of male and female sex hormones	49