AP Language Flashcards

4888235088	Aesthetic reading	reading to experience the world of the text	0
4888239423	Allegory	An extended metaphor	1
4888241367	Alliteration	The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning or in the middle of two or more adjacent words	2
4888253824	Allusion	A reference in a written or spoken text to another text or to some particular body of knowledge	3
4888263677	Anecdote	A brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audience's attention or to support a generalization or claim	4
4888279020	Antagonist	A character who opposes the interests of the protagonist	5
4888287786	Antecedent- Consequence relationship	The relationship expressed by "if...then" reasoning-- for example, "If the cubs sigh Greg Maddux, then they will win the National League pennant"	6
4888307592	Anticipated objection	The technique a writer or speaker uses in an argumentative text to address and answer objections, even though the audience has not had the opportunity to voice these objections	7
4888329552	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order-- for example. "You can take the boy out of the country, but you can't take the country out of the boy"	8
4890439504	Antithesis	The juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in parallel structure -- for example. "Place your virtues on a pedastal; put your vices under a rock"	9
4890522775	Apologist	A person or character who makes a case for some controversial. even contentious, position	10
4890532978	Appeal	One of three strategies for persuading an audiences	11
4890587591	Logos	The appeal of a text bases on the logical structure of its argument of central ideas (reasoning)	12
4890597679	Pathos	"..." based on emotions or interests of the audience	13
4890610821	Ethos	"..." based on ethics and the credibility and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator	14
4890636349	Appeal to authority	In a text, the reference to words, action, or beliefs of a person in authority as a means of supporting a claim, generalizing, or conclusion	15
4890664630	Argument	A carefully constructed, well-supported representation of how a writer sees an issue, problem, or subject	16
4890779904	Argument by analysis	An argument developed by breaking the subject matter into its component parts	17
4918488629	Assumption	An opinion, perspective, or belief that a writer or speaker thinks the audience holds	18
4918518051	Asyndeton	The omission of conjunctions between related clauses--for example, "I cam, I saw, I conquered."	19
4918530883	Begging of the question	The situation that results when a writer or speaker constructs an argument on an assumption that the audience does not accept	20
4918537997	Canon	One of the traditional elements of rhetoric composition	21
4918544236	Invention	The art of generating material for a text	22
4918547994	Arrangement	In a spoken or written text, the placement of ideas for effect	23
4918556410	Style	The choices that writers or speakers make in language for effect	24
4918571280	Memory	Access to information and collective knowledge for use in composition	25
4918577544	Delivery	The presentation and format of a composition	26
4918584133	Dynamic Character	One who changes during the course of the narrative	27
4918588128	Flat Character	A figure readily identifiable by memorable traits but not fully developed	28
4918599627	Round Character	A figure with complexity in action and personality	29
4918618794	Static Character	A figure who remains the same from the beginning to the end of a narrative	30
4918625954	Claim	The ultimate conclusion, generalization, or point that a syllogism or enthymeme expresses. The point, backed up by support, of an argument	31
4918643785	Conflict	The struggle of a character with themselves, with others, or with the world around them (external and internal conflicts)	32
4918659516	Connotation	The implied meaning of a word, in contract to its directly expresses "dictionary meaning"	33
4918672470	Deductive reasoning	Reasoning that begins with a general principle and concludes with a specific instance that demonstrates the general principle	34
4918698391	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word, in contrast to its connotation, or implied meaning	35
4918716665	Dialect	The describable patterns of language--grammar and vocabulary--used by a particular cultural or ethnic population	36
4918733365	Diction	Word choice, which is viewed on scales for formality/information, concreteness/abstraction, Latinate, derivation/Anglo-Saxon derivation, and denotative value/connotative value	37
4927896732	Double Entendre	The double (or multiple) meanings of a group of words that the speaker or writer has purposely left ambiguous	38
4927907795	Dramatistic pentad	The invention strategy, developed by Kenneth Burke, that invites a speaker or writer to create for the speaker or writer to identify attitude in the situation	39
4927919384	Act	The words the speaker uses to describe what happened or happens in a particular situation	40
4927926913	Agent	"..." describe the person or persons involved in taking action in a particular situation	41
4927935109	Agency	"..." describe the means by which something happened or happens in a particular situation	42
4927945079	Scene	"..." describe where and when something happened or happens in a particular situation	43
4927951982	Purpose	"..." describe the reason something happened or happens in a particular situation	44
4927958677	Effect	The emotional or psychological impact a text has on a reader or listener	45
4927979359	Efferent reading	Reading to garner information from a text	46
4927989229	Enthymeme	Logical reasoning with one premise left unstated	47
4927992482	Epithet	A word or phrase adding a characteristic to a person's name-- for example. "Richard, the Lion-Hearted."	48
4928003398	Essays using rhetoric modes	Argumentative, Description, Exposition, Narrative	49
4928018436	Euphemism	An indirect expression of unpleasant information information in such a way as to lessen its impact-- for example saying a person's position was eliminated rather than saying the person's was fired	50
4928383134	Exaggeration	An overstatement	51
4928392742	Extended analogy	An extended passage arguing that if two things are similar in one or two ways, they are probably similar in other ways as well	52
4928409773	Fable	A narrative in which fictional characters, often animals, take actions that have ethical or moral significance	53
4928416684	Figurative Language	Language dominated by the use of schemes and tropes	54
4928421823	Figures of Rhetoric	Schemes--that is, variations from typical word or sentence formation--and tropes, which are variations from typical patterns of thought	55
4928440691	Flashback	A part of the plot that moves back in time and then returns to the present	56
4946295332	Functional part	A part of a text classified according to its function--for example, or counterargument	57
4946359299	Generalization	A point that a speaker or writer generates on the basis of considering a number of particular example	58
4946372178	Flashforward	A part of the plot that jumps ahead in time and then returns to the present	59
4946383426	Hyperbole	An exaggeration for effect	60
4946385216	Imagery	Language that evokes particular sensations or emotionally rich experiences in a reader	61
4946393726	Implied Metaphor	A metaphor embedded in a sentence rather than expressed directly as a sentence. For example, "His voice cascaded through the hallways" contains an implied metaphor; "His voice was a cascade of emotion" contains a direct metaphor	62
4946415474	Inductive reasoning	Reasoning that begins by citing a number of specific instance or example and then shows how collectively they constitute a general principle	63
4946438469	Inference	A conclusion that a reader or listener reaches by means of his or her own thinking rather than by direct statement in a text	64
4946453553	Irony	Writing or speaking that implies the contrary of what is actually written or spoken	65
4946466425	Jargon	The specialized vocabulary of a particular group	66
4946478945	Litotes	Understatement-- for example, "Her performance ran the gamut of emotion from A to B" Logic: The art of reasoning	67
4946497667	Mood	The feeling that a text is intended to produce in the audience	68
4946506443	Dramatic narration	A narrative in which the reader or viewer does not have access to the unspoken thoughts of any character	69
4946515843	Limited narration	A narrative in which the reader or viewer has access to the unspoken thoughts of one character or particular thinking of more than one character	70
4946530461	Omniscient narration	A narrative in which the reader or viewer has access to the unspoken thoughts of all the characters	71
4946537798	Scenic narration	A comment that is made directly to the reader by breaking into the forward plot movement	72
4946555039	Narrative intrusion	A comment that is made directly to the reader by breaking into the forward plot movement	73
4946562331	Occasion	The part of a context also referred to as time and place	74
4946566063	Onomatopoeia	A literary device in which the sound of a word is related to its meaning-- for example. "buzz" and "moan"	75
4946585665	Oxymoron	Juxtapose words with seemingly contradictory meaning--for example "jumbo shrimp"	76
4946605941	Paradox	A statement that seems untrue on the surface but is true nevertheless	77
4946610676	Persona	The character that a writer or speaker conveys to the audience	78
4957861906	Personification	The giving of human characteristics to inanimate objects	79
4957868112	Plot devices	Elements of plot that operate to cause or resolve conflicts and to provide information	80
4957878651	Major premise	The first premise in a syllogism. The major premise states an irrefutable generalization.	81
4957891383	Minor premise	The second premise in a syllogism. The minor premise offers a particular instance of the generalization stated in the major premise	82
4957937567	Protagonist	The major character in a piece of literature; the figure in the narrative whose interests the reader is most concerned about and sympathetic toward	83
4957970723	Pun	A play on words words	84
4957979835	Purpose	The goal a writer or speaker hopes to achieve with the text--for example, to clarify difficult material, to inform, to convince, and/or to persuade. Also called aim or intention	85
4958020307	Ratio	Combination of two or more elements in a dramatics pentad in order to invent material	86
4958037414	Reader's repertoire	The collection of predictions and revisions a person employs when reading a text	87
4958064463	Recursive	Referring to the moving back and forth from invention to revision in the process of writing	88
4958087131	Reliable narrator	A believable, trustworthy commentator on events and characters in a story	89
4958105654	Rhetor	The speaker or writer who uses elements of rhetoric effectively in oral or written text	90
4958129848	Rhetoric	The art of analyzing all the choices involving language that a writer, speaker, reader, or listener might make in a situation so that the text becomes meaningful, purposeful, and effective; the specific features of texts, written or spoken, that cause them to be meaningful, purposeful, and effective for readers or listeners in a situation	91
4969217626	Rhetoric choices	The particular choices a writer or speaker makes to achieve meaning, purpose, or effect	92
4969222509	Rhetoric intention	Involvement and investment in and ownership of a piece of writing	93
4969228935	Rhetorical mode	Formal patters for organizing a text, often also used as invention devices. The traditional rhetorical modes are description, narration, exposition, and argumentation. Exposition is frequently subdivided into categories such as comparison/contrast, classification, and division	94
4969251141	Rhetorical Question	A question posed by the speaker or writer not to seek an answer but instead to affirm or deny a point simply by asking a question about it	95
4969264026	Rhetorical situation	The convergence in a situation of exigency (the need to write), audience, and purpose	96
4969273441	Rhetoric triangle	A diagram showing the relations of writer or speaker, reader, or listener, and text in a rhetorical situation	97
4969282490	Sarcasm	The use of mockery or bitter irony	98
4969288219	Simile	A type of comparison that uses the word "like" or "as"	99
4969291452	Slang	Informal language, often considered inappropriate for formal occasions and text	100
4969301326	Soliloquy	Dialogue in which a character speaks aloud to himself or herself	101
4969307806	Stance	The writer's or speaker's apparent attitude toward the audience	102
4969318087	Stock settings	Stereotypical time and place settings that let readers know a text's genre immediately	103
4969323505	Syllogism	Logical reasoning from inarguable premises	104
4969327857	Symbol	In a text, an element that stands for more than itself and, therefore, helps to convey a theme of the text	105
4969333853	Theme	The message conveyed by a literary work	106
4969337684	Thesis	The main idea in a text, often the main generalization, conclusion, or claim	107
4969343428	Thesis statement	A single sentence that states a text's thesis in the introduction	108
4969346272	Understatement	Deliberate playing down of a situation in order to make a point--for example, "As the principal dancer, Joe Smith displayed only two flaws: his arms and legs."	109