AP Language Terms Flashcards

6595816233	Literary Terms		0
6595606397	Generic Conventions	Refers to traditions for each genre ex. essay, journalistic, autobiography, political writing	1
6595611994	Genre	Basic divisions of writing: prose, poetry, drama	2
6595621171	Style	-The sum of choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices ex. Faulkner vs. Hemingway -Classification of authors to a group and comparison of authors to similar authors ex. Renaissance or Victorian	3
6595630371	Theme	Central idea or message of a work -The insight it offers into life; not a motif	4
6595634934	Narrative	The telling of a story or an account of a series of events	5
6595637705	Prose	-Refers to fiction and nonfiction and all its forms -Anything that isn't drama or poetry	6
6595640057	Point of View	In Lit, the perspective from which a story is told ex. first person second third person -omniscient (all-knowing) -limited omniscient (limited to one character)	7
6595636818	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style of content of another with specific aim of comic effect or ridicule -Mimics original by borrowing words, phrases, or characteristics ex. Fifty shades of Chicken, Hungry Games	8
6595658743	Satire	The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices ex. Animal Farm	9
6595665287	Homily	A sermon but can also be informal as in a serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice	10
6595670442	Allegory	Using character and/or story elements symbolically to present an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning ex. The Cave	11
6595691774	Alliteration	Repetition of sounds, especially consonants in neighboring words ex. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers	12
6595697920	Assonance	Repetition of sounds, especially of vowels in neighboring words ex. The rain in Spain falls mainly in the plains	13
6595710020	Allusion	Direct or indirect reference to a work that is presumably commonly known ex. Biblical allusions- Adam and Eve	14
6595714671	Ambiguity	Multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage ex. skull/woman looking in the mirror	15
6595719107	Imagery	Sensory details used to describe, arouse emotion, and represent abstractions -Refers to the 5 senses	16
6595727288	Personification	Concepts, animals, or inanimate objects are described with human attributes or emotions ex. Cars	17
6595730311	Onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated int eh sounds of words ex. BOOM! POP! BAM!	18
6595733893	Symbol/ Symbolism	Anything that represents or stands for something else -Natural: Rose = love -Conventional: David Star = Judaism -Literary: Crucible = a severe test	19
6595745048	Analogy	Similarity or comparison between two different things ex. Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates.	20
6595749949	Metaphor	A comparison of seemingly unlike things -Does NOT use "like" or "as"	21
6595752246	Simile	A comparison of seemingly unlike things -USES "like" or "as"	22
6595760338	Extended Metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, throughout a work	23
6595763224	Conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor, or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar analogy ex. "Shall I compare thee to a Summer's day?" "So, I'm hot and sweaty?"	24
6595775339	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction ex. Mark Antony makes a speech in which he directly addressed Caesar (though dead) and promises to exact revenge for his death.	25
6595784893	Atmosphere	Emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work	26
6595787955	Mood	The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work	27
6595789914	Oxymoron	Figure of speech in which seemingly contradictory terms are connected ex. Death Valley Health Center	28
6595792836	Paradox	A statement that appears to present ideas which are self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but actually has validity and truth ex.	29
6595805567	Irony	When the opposite of what is expected occurs Verbal: the opposite of what is expected is said Situational: the opposite of what is expected to happen occurs Dramatic: facts or events are unknown to the characters but are known to the reader	30
6595814676	Grammatical Terms		31
6595819431	Antecedent	Word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun	32
6595827602	Clause	A grammatical unit that includes both a subject and a verb ex. An independent/ main clause Dependent/ subordinate clause	33
6595833678	Dependent/ Subordinate clause	Cannot stand alone as a sentence Depends on a main clause to complete its meaning	34
6595837858	Loose Sentence	Main/ Independent clause -> Subordinate/ dependent clause	35
6595845093	Periodic Sentence	Subordinate/ Dependent Clause -> Main/ Independent	36
6595854135	Subject Complement	The word or clause that follows a linking verb and completes the subject of the sentence by either ex. Predicative nominative predicate adj.	37
6595860164	Predicate Adjectives	An adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb ex. Jon Hamm is tall, dark, and handsome.	38
6595872570	Predicate Nominative	A noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject ex. Abe Lincoln was a man of integrity.	39
6595881111	Transition	A word or phrase that links different ideas ex. Nevertheless, moreover, for example, furthermore	40
6595885257	Argumentation and Persuasion Terms		41
6595886056	Inference/ Infer	To draw reasonable conclusions from information presented	42
6595888180	Syllogism	Deductive reasoning of formal logic Presents 2 premises and a conclusion	43
6595894909	Ad Hominem Argument	"to or against the man" Appeals to emotion ex. You're stupid for thinking that.	44
6595897249	Terms relating to language		45
6595897787	Rhetoric	"Orator" The art of writing eloquently, effectively, and persuasively	46
6595900843	Rhetorical Modes	-Expository: To explain and analyze information -Narrative: To tell a story, uses description -Argument: To prove the validity of an idea, or POV, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, & argument Persuasion: type of argument that presents a call to action -Description: to recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, action, or event so that reader can picture that which is being described	47
6595916573	Diction	Refers to a writer's word choice	48
6595918392	Syntax	The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses and sentences -Refers to groups of words (unlike diction)	49
6595922725	Denotation	Dictionary meaning	50
6595923738	Connotation	Implied, suggested meaning which may include emotions or attitude	51
6595926042	Figurative Language	Speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning Meant to be imaginative and vivid	52
6595928264	Figure of Speech	A word or phrase used in a figurative manner	53
6595928814	Literal Language	Speech that is intended to carry literal meaning	54
6595930917	Didactic	"teaching" Primary purpose is to teach or instruct, especially with moral or ethical principles	55
6595932681	Pedantic	Adjective; describes words phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish	56
6595938187	Thesis	The sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition	57
6595940883	Hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate overstatement or exaggeration, often for comic effect	58
6595943004	Understatement	Ironic minimizing of fact Presents something as less significant that it is	59
6595946758	Euphemism	"good speech" A more agreeable/ less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or subjects ex. Not fired, Downsized dead, passed away	60
6595953440	Metonymy	The name of an object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it ex. The pen is mightier than the sword.	61
6595960350	Synecdoche	A part is made to represent the whole or vice versa ex. badge represents police officers	62
6595964653	Aphorism	A statement which offers a general truth or moral principle ex. Ben Franklin	63
6595967904	Colloquial/ Colloqualims	Use of slang or informalities in speech or writing ex. Catcher in the Rye	64
6595970013	Invective	An emotionally, violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong or abusive language ex. You slimy, gooey piece of squirming tentacle, get your visually stinking self away from me!	65
6595973280	Sarcasm	Involves bitter, harsh language meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something	66
6595978415	Wit	Intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights	67
6595982623	Parallelism or Parallel Structure	Framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity	68
6595985123	Repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element or language	69
6596061619	Narrative elements (exposition/ setting)	To provide some background, inform the readers about the plot, character, setting, and theme of the essay/ story	70
6596080090	Epic	A long story centered on a heroic character who lives through a series of exceptional events and represents the qualities valued by a society ex. The Odyssey	71
6596085687	Parable	A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson	72
6596104353	Roman A Clef	A novel in which real people or events appear with invented names	73
6596105864	Anachronism	A chronological inconsistency in some arrangement, especially a juxtaposition of person(s), events, objects, or customs from different periods of time ex. Lincoln holding a boombox	74
6596109755	Analepsis	Flashback	75
6596110790	Prolepsis	The representation of a thing as existing before it actually does or did so ex. prophecy	76
6596113708	Persona	A role or character adopted by an author or an actor	77
6596115594	Pseudonym	A fictitious name, especially one used by an author	78
6596116390	Subplot	Secondary strand of the plot that is a supporting side story for any story or the main plot	79
6596120903	Aporia	The speaker expresses feigned doubt about his position or asks the audience rhetorically how he or she should proceed	80
6596127102	Aposiopesis	A sentence is deliberately broken off and left unfinished, the ending to be supplied by the imagination ex. Why you little...	81
6596130266	Ellipses	... indicates an intentional omission of a word, sentence, or whole section from a text without altering its original meaning	82
6596132267	Caesura	A break in a verse where one phrase ends and the following phrase begins	83
6596133787	Canon	Body of books, music, and art that scholars generally accept as the most important and influential in shaping Western culture	84
6596137498	Novella	Work of written, fictional, narrative prose normally longer than a short story but shorter than a novel	85
6596139669	Catharsis	"purification" The purification and purgation of emotions that results in renewal and restoration	86
6596142765	Autotelic	Having a purpose in and not apart from itself ex. A person may write poetry or journal simply for the sake of creating it.	87
6596147810	Epithet	An adj. or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned ex. Grey-eyed Athena	88
6596149625	Frame Story	A story within a story	89
6596150878	Verisimilitude	The appearance of being true or real ex. Harry Potter	90
6596151746	Epistolary Novel	A novel written as a series of documents	91
6596153076	Epigram	A brief, interesting, memorable, and sometimes surprising or satirical statement ex. "If you were my husband, I'd poison your coffee." "If you were my wife, I'd drink it."	92
6596156487	Epigraph	A phrase, quotation, or poem that is set at the beginning of a piece or writing	93
6596159017	Epiphany	A moment of sudden revelation or insight	94
6596160185	Lampoon (parody)	Publicly criticize someone or something by using ridicule, irony, or sarcasm ex. Alec Baldwin as Donald Trump	95
6596165870	Rhetorical Terms		96
6596165871	Anadiplosis	The word is used at the end of a sentence and then used again at the beginning of the next sentence ex. Fear leads to anger...anger leads to hate... hate leads to suffering. -Yoda	97
6596169876	Anaphora	Repeating a sequence of words at the beginning of neighboring clauses, thereby lending them emphasis ex. I have a dream...	98
6596171995	Asyndeton	A figure of speech in which one or several conjunctions are omitted from a series of related clauses ex. Veni. Vidi. Vici. I came. I saw. I conquered.	99
6596176372	Chiasmus	Figure of speech in which two or more clauses are related to each other through a reversal of structures in order to make a larger point ex. To the world you may be but one person, But to one person, you may be the world.	100
6596179428	Bathos	An effect of anti-climax created by an unintentional lapse in mood from the sublime to the trivial or ridiculous	101
6596181530	Cliche	An idea which has become to the point of losing its original meaning or effect	102
6596183599	Epizeuxis	The repetition of a word or phrase in immediate succession ex. Horror! Horror! Horror!	103
6596185952	Grammar		104
6596189025	Hypotactic Sentence	Sentences, clauses, and phrases are subordinated and linked	105
6596190389	Paratactic Sentence	A rhetorical term in which phrases and clauses are placed one after another independently	106
6596194421	Inversion	Reversal of the normal order of words	107
6596195487	Appositive	A grammatical construction in which two elements, normally noun phrases, are placed side by side, with one element serving to identify the other in a different way	108
6596198161	More Logical Terms		109
6596201658	Periphrasis & Circumlocution	The use of many words where fewer words would do ex. Are ya ready kids? Are you all prepared, children?	110
6596205408	Jargon	Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand ex. Grey's Anatomy	111
6596211450	Subjective	Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions	112
6596212429	Objective	not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts	113
6596217020	Synaesthesia	Where one sense is described in terms of another ex. thy voice is like wine to me	114
6596218287	Litotes	Uses understatement to emphasize a point by stating a negative to further affirm a positive ex. He's not the worst looking guy in the world.	115
6596222118	Fallacies		116
6596222119	Deductive	Reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logically certain conclusion ex. upside triangle	117
6596224085	Inductive	Reasoning in which the premises are viewed as supplying strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion ex. triangle	118
6596227354	Logical Reasoning (Non-Sequitur)	The conclusion could be either true or false, but the argument nonetheless asserts the conclusion to be true and is thus fallacious	119
6596234411	Premise	A previous statement of proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion	120
6596237167	Either/or fallacy False Dilemma	A logical fallacy in which two opposing views, options or outcomes are presented and seem to be the only possibilities -if you not accept one then the other must be accepted	121
6596239687	Red herring	An irrelevant topic is presented in order to divert attention from the original issue	122
6596241219	Jumping to a Conclusion/ Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is not large enough	123
6596242880	Genetic Fallacy	The origin of a claim or thing is taken to be evidence that discredits the claim or thing itself	124
6596244361	Loaded Question	A question that contains a controversial or unjustified assumption ex. Have you stopped beating your wife?	125
6596247356	Begging the Question	Premises include the claim that the conclusion is true or assume that the connection is true	126
6596249790	Double Bind	A situation in which a person is confronted with two irreconcilable demands or a choice between tow undesirable courses of action	127
6596250946	Contingency Strategy	A proposition in which the truth value of the proposition is contingent upon the truth values of the sentences which comprise it	128