AP Language and Composition Flashcards
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| 7024048211 | Authority | The quality of a writer who seems to be both knowledgeable and confident in a subject. | 0 | |
| 7024051029 | Audience | The people that a message is targeted at. | 1 | |
| 7024051030 | Backing | The support or explanation of a claim. | 2 | |
| 7024051285 | Assertion | A strong and confident claim made by the speaker as if it were true when it might not be. | 3 | |
| 7024051924 | Logical Fallicies | A false statement which weakens an argument by distorting an issue, drawing false conclusions, misusing evidence, or misusing language. | 4 | |
| 7024053313 | Generalization | A broad statement or idea that is applied to a large group of people or instances, is often untrue. | 5 | |
| 7024053314 | Begging the question | A fallacy where the claim is based on the grounds that are being doubted or in dispute. | 6 | |
| 7024053666 | Ad hominem | Fallacy where a claim is answered by irrelevant, personal attacks on the speaker. | 7 | |
| 7024054128 | Either-or Reasoning | Fallacy where an issue is posed as only having two alternatives, one of which is much better than the other. | 8 | |
| 7024054892 | Non-sequitur | Fallacy where claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect to each other. | 9 | |
| 7027200176 | Red herring | Fallacy where an irrelevant topic is put into an argument in order to distract the audience from the original issue. Ex: I know what I did was wrong, however, just imagine how much it would kill my parents if they found out. | 10 | |
| 7027200177 | Post hoc | Fallacy where one event is said to be the cause of a later event simply because it occurred earlier. | 11 | |
| 7027200677 | False dilemma | A fallacy of oversimplification where an issue is posed as only having two solutions when in reality there are several alternatives. | 12 | |
| 7027200678 | The Aristotelian Appeals | "Ingredients for persuasion," also known as "appeals" they are the ways to persuade others to adopt a different point of view. | 13 | |
| 7027201213 | Logos | Appeals that use logic. | 14 | |
| 7027201214 | Ethos | Appeals that use authority. | 15 | |
| 7027201215 | Pathos | Appeals that use emotion. | 16 | |
| 7027201219 | Purpose | The purpose behind a persuasive message. | 17 | |
| 7027202225 | Describe | To tell or depict in written or spoken word. | 18 | |
| 7027202226 | Explain | An explanation. | 19 | |
| 7031298661 | Inform | To give information. | 20 | |
| 7031298662 | Persuade | To use appeals to reason, values, beliefs, and emotions to get a person to think a certain way. | 21 | |
| 7031298663 | Entertain | To provide someone with amusement or enjoyment. | 22 | |
| 7031299907 | Tone | Attitude of the writer toward a subject or audience. | 23 | |
| 7031301727 | Didactic | Type of literature which is written in order to inform or instruct readers, especially in moral or political lessons. | 24 | |
| 7031301728 | Nostalgic | Sentimental longing for return to or of some past period. | 25 | |
| 7031302728 | Pedantic | Describes words, phrases, or general tone that sounds overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. | 26 | |
| 7031302729 | Trite | Stale tone. | 27 | |
| 7031303670 | Contemptuous | Tone expressing deep hatred. | 28 | |
| 7031303671 | Sardonic | Tone of being mocking or sarcastic. | 29 | |
| 7036772200 | Benevolent | Well meaning and kindly. | 30 | |
| 7036772201 | Effusive | Expressing gratitude, pleasure, or approval. | 31 | |
| 7036773573 | Compassionate | Showing sympathy or concern for others. | 32 | |
| 7036773574 | Urban | Utilizes language that is commonly used in cities. | 33 | |
| 7036774572 | Diction | Style of writing or speaking that is based off choice of words. | 34 | |
| 7036774573 | Denotation | Literal of dictionary meanings of words. | 35 | |
| 7036775438 | Connotation | Meaning that is implied by a word. | 36 | |
| 7036775439 | Colloquial | Use of informal phrases or words in writing. | 37 | |
| 7036777761 | Formal | Writing that is done in accordance with etiquette. | 38 | |
| 7036777762 | Informal | Writing that is not done in accordance with etiquette. | 39 | |
| 7042720447 | Metonymy | Figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else that is closely associated. | 40 | |
| 7042723596 | Monosyllabic | Use of one syllable words. | 41 | |
| 7042724377 | Polysyllabic | Use of multi-syllable words. | 42 | |
| 7042725555 | Contrastive | Speech that shows the difference between two things. | 43 | |
| 7042725556 | Synecdoche | Figure of speech when a part is used in place of the whole. Ex: Ten sail for ten ships | 44 | |
| 7042726600 | Concrete | Refers to objects or events that can be felt through the senses. | 45 | |
| 7042726601 | Abstract | Refers to ideas or concepts. | 46 | |
| 7042727329 | Ambiguous | Fallacy where a word, phrase, or statement has more that one meaning. Leads to confusion, vagueness, or unintentional humor. | 47 | |
| 7042727330 | Detail | Is a particular part of information which supports an idea or contributes to an overall impression of a passage. | 48 | |
| 7042728874 | Mood | Literal element which evokes feelings from the reader. | 49 | |
| 7046800662 | Imagery | To use figurative language to describe objects, ideas, or actions in a way that appeals to the senses. | 50 | |
| 7046800663 | Setting | Time and place where the story takes place. | 51 | |
| 7046800664 | Figurative Speech | A phrase with a specialized meaning that is not based on the literal meaning of the phrase. | 52 | |
| 7046803564 | Allusion | A brief and indirect reference to something of cultural, historical, or political significance. | 53 | |
| 7046804679 | Simile | A figure of speech that makes a comparison showing similarities between two different things using the words, "like" or "as". | 54 | |
| 7046804680 | Metaphor | Figure of speech that refers to one thing by mentioning another thing. | 55 | |
| 7046805421 | Personification | Figure of speech where a thing, idea, or animal is given human attributes. | 56 | |
| 7046805422 | Hyperbole | Figure of speech which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. | 57 | |
| 7046806315 | Understatement | Figure of speech where the writer purposefully makes a situation seem less important than it actually is. | 58 | |
| 7046806316 | Paradox | Statement that seems to contradict itself, may include a latent truth. | 59 | |
| 7052513159 | Dramatic Irony | A plot device where the reader knows more about the situation than the characters do. | 60 | |
| 7052513160 | Verbal Irony | When someone uses words that are contrary to how they feel, sarcasm. | 61 | |
| 7052513161 | Analogy | Comparison between two things that are very similar in several ways, used to explain something difficult by comparing it to something that is already known. | 62 | |
| 7052514029 | Anecdote | A short and interesting story/event that is often used to support or explain some point. | 63 | |
| 7052514030 | Allegory | Rhetorical device which conveys messages through symbols, actions, imagery, or events. | 64 | |
| 7052514569 | Organization | Arrangement of ideas in speech. | 65 | |
| 7052514570 | Deductive | Method of reasoning from general to specific. A conclusion follows a set of stated premises. | 66 | |
| 7052514571 | Inductive | Method of reasoning where speaker collects a number of instances and then forms a generalization that is meant to apply to them all,. | 67 | |
| 7052515802 | Idea/Example | Relation where speaker first gives an idea and then examples of instances which support it. | 68 | |
| 7052516264 | Cause/Effect | Relation where speaker gives an event and then explains the consequences of such event. | 69 | |
| 7056275524 | Description | To recreate a event to an audience through describing a picture that can be mentally seen. | 70 | |
| 7056275525 | Process Analysis | Type of expository/technical writing that is designed to show readers how a change occurs over a period of stages. | 71 | |
| 7056275913 | Narration | To tell a story or narrate a event or series of events. | 72 | |
| 7056275914 | Comparison/Contrast | Contrast is to look for differences among two or more elements, compare is to look for similarities. | 73 | |
| 7056276361 | Exposition | Comprehensive description/explanation of an idea or theory. | 74 | |
| 7056276362 | Persuasion | Act of getting someone to believe or do something. | 75 | |
| 7056276666 | Repititon | Repeating something. | 76 | |
| 7056276667 | Syllogism | A conclusion that is drawn from two given or assumed propositions which each share a term with the conclusion. Ex: All dogs are animals; all animals have four legs; therefore all dogs have four legs. | 77 | |
| 7056276956 | Point of View | One attitude or way to look at an issue. | 78 | |
| 7056276957 | Subjective | View based on opinion rather than fact which people can disagree with. | 79 | |
| 7057555869 | Objective | Purpose | 80 | |
| 7057555870 | Participant | A character in a secondary role. | 81 | |
| 7057555871 | Observer | A character who just watches the action. | 82 | |
| 7057556037 | Syntax | The way an author chooses words to create a sentence. | 83 | |
| 7057556038 | Sentence Length | How long a sentence is. | 84 | |
| 7057556399 | Anaphora | A device of repetition where the same expression is repeated at the beginning of 2 or more lines. | 85 | |
| 7057556400 | Antithesis | Use of two contrasting ideas in the same sentence. | 86 | |
| 7057563433 | Asyndeton | A structure where conjunctions are not used in a series in order to create a rapid phrase. | 87 | |
| 7057563434 | Polysyndeton | Structure where multiple conjunctions are used in a series. | 88 | |
| 7057563722 | Parallel Sentence | Repetition of a grammatical form in a sentence. | 89 | |
| 7057563723 | Loose Sentence | Sentence where main idea comes first followed by phrases/clauses. | 90 | |
| 7057563868 | Periodic Sentence | Sentence with main clause/predicate at the end to add emphasis. | 91 | |
| 7057563869 | Rhetorical Question | A question that is not meant to be answered. | 92 | |
| 7057564164 | Inverted Syntax | A sentence with the order of object, subject, and verb. | 93 | |
| 7057564165 | Alliteration | Repetition of sounds in an sentence. Ex: as in she sells sea shells | 94 | |
| 7057564169 | Assonance | Repetition of the sound of a vowel. Ex: penitence, reticence | 95 | |
| 7057564523 | Consonance | Repetitive sounds of consonance in a phrase. Ex: pitter, patter | 96 |