AP Psychology AP Exam Flashcards

6724718089	heart failure	a person with type A personality is at risk for developing what?	0
6724721593	did not take into account personal thoughts/feelings	a major objection in the early Skinner approach is it...	1
6724727981	universal facial expressions across cultures	a consistent research finding in facial expressions/emotions is...	2
6724733065	cerebral cortex	most active part of brain in decision making	3
6724736882	hallucinations	perceptions of nonexistent sensory stimulation (voices)	4
6724739625	syntax	the rules of grammar	5
6724741927	instinct	a generally programmed action pattern	6
6724753522	hypnosis	an induced heightened suggestibility in the individual	7
6724760031	episodic memory	the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.	8
6724777048	general adaptation syndrome (GAS)	three predictable stages the body uses to respond to stressors	9
6724779179	approach-approach conflict	a conflict between two desired gratifications	10
6724793753	james-lange theory	the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.	11
6724796855	cognitive dissonance theory	the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.	12
6724804044	dopamine	an increase in this hormone can lead to schizophrenia	13
6724809291	gestalt principles	the idea that we perceptually organize things into whole parts	14
6724815684	antisocial disorder	disorder in which person exhibits dishonesty, trouble with authority figures, and absence for remorse	15
6724822829	androgeny	exhibiting both male and female characteristics	16
6724828543	experimental method	seeks to establish cause-effect relationship	17
6724839094	standardization	sets the norms against which the performance of later test takers can be evaluated	18
6724842435	significant difference	a difference not likely due to chance	19
6724846014	negative reinforcement	increasing behaviors by stopping a negative stimuli, when removed strengthens the response (NOT PUNISHMENT)	20
6724858574	learned helplessness	the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversion events	21
6724869039	metacognition	thinking about thinking	22
6724872484	left cerebral hemisphere	speech function primarily localized in	23
6724876271	inability to make and carry out plans	damage to frontal lobe leads to ...	24
6724877239	psychoanalysis	the phenomenon of transference	25
6724880631	behavioral therapy	criticized for not treating underlying cause of disorder	26
6724886621	barbiturates	drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant	27
6724892244	responses reinforced in past	emphasis of behavior therapist's	28
6724900937	formation and modification of schema's	emphasis of cognitive theorists	29
6724906824	hear sounds	when stimulated, the left temporal lobe causes patients to	30
6724917830	parasympathetic nervous system	establishes homeostasis after a flight-or-flight response	31
6724919342	factor analysis	determines the primary components of intelligence	32
6724923559	there is an inherent language acquisition device	chomskys view of language	33
6724927493	fluid intelligence	the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns	34
6724933691	phi phenomenon	when a pair of lights moving quickly appear as one single light	35
6724941303	the movement of Na and K ions across the membrane creating an action potential	occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold	36
6724945234	REM sleep	characterized by rapid eye movements, more dreaming and bodily movement, and faster pulse and breathing	37
6724952902	self-fulfilling prophecy	a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.	38
6724958458	bipolar cells	cones and rods generate neural signals that activate...	39
6724960859	smell	the thalamus does NOT control...	40
6724967824	experiment	a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.	41
6724971614	preoperational stage	in Piaget's theory lasts from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age. During this stage, language development is rapid, but the child is unable to understand the mental operations of concrete logi	42
6724977181	frequency	determines the pitch of a tone	43
6724979474	innate	humanistic psychologists believe drive toward self actualization is	44
6724983778	fovea	visual acuity is best in the	45
6724985966	hippocampus	area of brain most affected by amnesia	46
6724996579	Rorschach & TAT test	reveal subjects personalities by eliciting response to vague stimulus	47
6725005352	receptors, afferent neurons, inter neurons, efferent neurons, effector's	correct sequence of neural chain	48
6725008354	its conclusions can be verified or refuted by subsequent studies	a study can only be considered scientific if...	49
6725013663	rooting	babies tendency for a baby to turn toward touch when cheek is touched	50
6725022296	terminal buttons	where neurotransmitters are typically stored	51
6725029263	Hubel & Wiesel	showed many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information	52
6725043512	stimulus generalization	tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned	53
6725048480	bipolar and ganglion cells	photo receptors relay visual info to the brain through...	54
6725057601	psychotic disorders	hallucinations are a symptom of	55
6725060267	predicting children's success in school	binet's efforts to measure intelligence were directed at	56
6725068115	specific phobia	training in construction of an anxiety hierarchy an relaxation techniques is part of treatment for what?	57
6725072889	esteem needs	maslow's hierarchy of needs states the needs to respect ourselves and others is classified w/i the category of	58
6725082657	sympathetic	part of nervous most immediately activated during sudden fear	59
6725091292	Schchater & Singer	view emotion as a result of cognitive labels of psychological changes	60
6725095369	fundamental attribution error	the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositio	61
6725099539	phonemes	basic sounds of language	62
6725103305	clinical disorders	MMPI provides information about..	63
6725106691	variable ratio	partial reinforcement most resistant to extinction	64
6725111318	conservation	refers to the ability to determine that a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size. (7-11 yrs)	65
6725120613	procedural memory	memory of autonomic activities like handwriting and riding a bike	66
6725122594	brocas area	a region of the brain concerned with the production of speech	67
6725128692	reliability	correlation between scores obtained on 2 halves of a test yields info about	68
6725150522	myelin	most involved in electrical aspect	69
6725156845	cognitive	therapy interested in the processing strategies of children	70
6725167056	classical conditioning	a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone	71
6725170337	hindsight bias	the tendency to think that we could have predicted something that has already occurred that we probably would not have been able to predict.	72
6725173937	iris	light enters the eye through the opening in the	73
6725178329	eclectic approach	incorporates a variety of therapeutic principles and philosophies in order to create the ideal treatment program to meet the specific needs of the patient or client.	74
6725183654	unfullfilled needs	disorders are most caused by... according to humanistic psycholigsts	75
6725189407	colorblind	genotype XXY means	76
6725191876	PNS	somatic nervous system is part of	77
6725194403	basilar membrane	found in inner ear	78
6725200404	sublimation	mature type of defense mechanism where socially unacceptable impulses or idealizations are unconsciously transformed into socially acceptable actions or behavior, possibly resulting in a long-term conversion of the initial impulse	79
6725807865	variance	provides the most info about how spread out a distribution of scores is	80
6725811493	omission training	a behavior-analytic term that refers to a specific form of punishment in which a positive event is withdrawn contingent on the occurrence of a target behavior	81
6725817166	mental set	a framework for thinking about a problem. It can be shaped by habit or by desire	82
6725821492	hindbrain and midbrain	the brain stem is comprised of ...	83
6725823923	regulating emotion	the limbic system plays an important role in	84
6725832170	95%	what percent of population scores between 70-130 on the WISC	85
6725834709	fixed-ratio schedule	a schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses	86
6725840702	over justification effect	occurs when an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task.	87
6725847162	approach- avoidance conflict	occur when there is one goal or event that has both positive and negative effects or characteristics that make the goal appealing and unappealing simultaneously	88
6725851882	identify origin of sound	the fact that our ears are on the side of our head helps us to	89
6725857704	shape constancy	when people's perception of the shape of an object does not change regardless of changes to the object's orientation.	90
6725864762	mere-exposure effect	a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them	91
6725870893	6 months	when do babies gain the ability to sit up on their own?	92
6725875390	importance of physical contact to development	harlow's monkey experiment illustrated...	93
6725880134	early 20's	when do symptoms of schizophrenia usually develop?	94
6728467375	anthropologists	first to contend that an individuals way of thinking are shaped primarily by cultural values/ideas	95
6728476773	dopamine	most associated with the experience of pleasure	96
6728483490	cross-sectional research	primary research method used by developmental psychologists	97
6728488674	learning	brain lesions in the hippo campus will lead to impairment with..	98
6728496145	die	a person with major injuries to the medulla oblongota will	99
6728503285	psychoanalytic view of behavior	view that behavior is motivated by inner, unconscious forces	100
6728510246	mania	characterized by abnormally elevated or expansive mood	101
6728514351	melatonin	hormone essential to sleep regulation	102
6728525067	retina	transduces visual images	103
6728530727	alertness	nor epinephrine receptors appear to produce	104
6728610024	cerebellum	Learning and memory Judges time Emotions Sounds Textures Voluntary movement	105
6728610025	hippocampus	Consolidation of memory from short to long term	106
6728625506	hypothalamus	Hunger, thirst, temperature, sexual behavior, reward and pleasure	107
6728647470	spontaneous recovery	the appearance of a stimulus after a pause	108
6728652238	sleep stage 1	Hallucinations Light Sleep Sensory Stimulu slow theta waves	109
6728655552	sleep stage 2	sleep spindles Body temperature drops Heart rate drops Sleep talking occurs in this stage	110
6728664764	sleep stage 3/4	Slow delta waves are produced in the brain Hard Sleep Bedwetting & Sleepwalking occur in this stage	111
6728773718	psychoanalytic therapy	Look to uncover the patient's repressed unconscious issues and emotions freud	112
6728776691	humanistic therapy	Boost self esteem, help realize potential and possibility for growth and self actualization rogers	113
6728787418	cognitive therapy	Confront patient to show that their thoughts are irrational and counterproductive beck and ellis	114
6728793799	behavior modification therapy	Correct negative behavior by replacing the behavior with positive incentives and rewards skinner	115
6728797741	systematic desensitization	Replace behaviors such as a phobia or obsession by subbing fear or anxiety with positive behavior or incentives	116
6728813467	groupthink	make decisions thinking it is okay the group influence	117
6728816650	deindividualism	mob mentality, loss of self-awareness in group situations	118
6728820165	social facilitation	schools/sports keep same age or level together	119
6728822204	cognitive dissonance	inconsistent, you do something even though you do not want to	120