AP World History Chapters 6-9 Flashcards

7797490998	Migrants From Iberia	Brought irrigation and oranges, sugar cane, and cotton	0
7797499644	People of The Book	Jews and Christians, treated well and were allowed to keep religion	1
7797511802	Bedouin	Nomadic cultures based on goat and cattle herding, in scrub zones and deserts	2
7797528637	Extreme Loyalty to Family then Clan	Caused by harsh geography, would control watering holes	3
7797534648	Shaykhs	Had most of the wealth	4
7797544091	Common War	Encroaching on pasturing lands, had to defend honor	5
7797551851	Mecca	Trading hub started by Umayyad Clan	6
7797557803	Ka'ab	Religious shrine, obligatory truce, no weapons allowed which allowed trade	7
7797572305	How Women were Treated (BI)	Respect and freedom, had key economic jobs, tribes would descend through women (based on clan)	8
7797594858	Little Material Culture	Wouldn't have it due to isolation, harsh economy, and poverty of the environment	9
7797605632	Animism and Polytheism	Religion BI, moral codes and traditions based on morals and unwritten codes	10
7797660561	Muhammad Merchant	He was taught how to be one by his uncle	11
7797666679	Muhammad's Concerns	Tribal hate, undermining solidarity, and the gap between wealthy and poor	12
7797689800	Umayyads felt Threatened	Their power and wealthy were being threatened by Muhammad, the God's of the Ka'ba were not being followed anymore	13
7797700899	Hijran	Flight (Journey)	14
7797713231	Ultimate Result	Peace with tribes, conversions of many people including Umayyads	15
7797727505	Appeal to Arabs	It was monotheistic, Arab originated, and had no inbetweens between people and Allah	16
7797737097	Umma	Islamic Community, allowed political unity	17
7797738886	Zakat	Charity Tax, was obligatory	18
7797752691	Appeal to non-Arabs	Monotheistic, legal codes, egaltarianiam, and community	19
7797762882	Five Pillars	1. There is one god (Allah) and Muhammad is the prophet 2. Pray towards Mecca five times a day 3. Fast during Ramadan 4. Zakat 5. Haij	20
7797785503	Caliph	Religious and political successor of Muhammad	21
7797796856	Why Warriors Conquested	To get back at non-Arabs who had harassed them, would get the goods from the conquested areas	22
7797811413	Empires they Took	Sasanian Empire, eventually the Byzantine Empire	23
7797824292	Sunni's	Believed that the Umayyads deserved rule	24
7797826158	Shi'a	Believed Muhammad's descendants deserved to rule	25
7797836077	Jizya	Non-believer tax that non Muslims would have to pay	26
7797879068	Treatment of Women (I)	Would have to be treated equally and supported the same as other wives, had the ability to divorce, money would go directly to wife, had a range of jobs	27
7797900310	Umayyad Revolts	Lead lavish lifestyles instead of simple lives, tried to replace soldiers	28
7797926182	Urbanization Increased	Want of material goods and wealth, decline of women's rights-men were the line of the family	29
7797931761	Harem	Where upper class women were kept out of sight and guarded	30
7797946015	Abbasids	Took over after Umayyads, wanted an absolutest imperial empire, did small bureaucratization	31
7797961696	Mawali Acceptance	More converts (Non-Arabs), no head tax, more job opportunities	32
7797977767	Dhow	Sophisticated sailing ship that made them important traders	33
7797980789	Charity	Went to churches, schools, bath houses, traveler houses, and hospitals	34
7797991070	Artisan Gulls	Negotiate wages, hours, and would provide support	35
7798039003	Decline of Abbasid Empire	abandonment of frugalness, succession issues, overly involved political advisers, civil violence, slave rebellions, large taxes, and failing irrigation systems	36
7798062389	Concubine	Woman of lower status living with a man	37
7798075554	Growing Wealth	Want of more slaves, captured people or brought from Balkans, Central Asia, or Sudanic Africa	38
7798091007	Slaves	Treated better then upper class women, would be educated and the caliphs enjoyed their company more than wives, slave women could go out in public with no veil	39
7798099059	Impact of Crusades on Europe	They would take Muslim ideas, math, weapons, fortifications, educations, and culture	40
7798125400	Urban Prosperity Benefiters	Artists and artisans who worked with Umayyads	41
7798137580	Sufism	Reaction to the idea that God was an abstract divinity, they believed he was separate from humans but permeated the universe, got many converts because they allowed them to keep pre-Islamic beliefs	42
7798149257	Fall of Baghdad	Mongol invaders took the city and it never recovered and faced more invasions	43
7798161419	Arabic Numbers	Originally from India, Hindu mathematicians brought it to Baghdad and eventually they spread to Europe	44
7798186948	Reinvasion of India	Due to loss of territory and quarrels, 11th century, Delhi was capital	45
7798203109	Spread of Islam in India	Spread by Sufi Mystics, Buddhists and low caste Hindus were most likely to convert, violence caused Muslims to flee to India	46
7798230283	How Indian Women Were Affected by Islam	They would marry very young girls, and would not allow widows to remarry, would even burn women who had dead husbands	47
7798242678	World Religion	Spreads over regions, cultures, and societies, forges links, brings civilization to nomadic people	48
7798267975	Southeast Asia Goods	Aromatic Woods, cloves, nutmeg, mace	49
7798292490	Main Political Systems in Africa	Hierarchy, stateless societies, secret societies	50
7798306698	Bantu	Base language, other languages have similar structure and vocab	51
7798315445	Animistic Beliefs (Africa)	Common, believed things had souls and witches would cause disasters	52
7798325019	Worshiped Elders	Believed they would bring good land, game, and people	53
7798336528	Agriculture, Iron Working, Farming	Common jobs in Africa (though there was lots of diversity)	54
7798343262	North Africa	Had the most connections with other civilizations	55
7798353157	Islam Appeal to Africa	Political unity, equality, political and religious power	56
7798375992	The Ethiopian Kingdom	Most important Christian center in Africa, was super isolated and held onto their beliefs	57
7798403676	Hub Points	Atlantic and Indian ocean, Savanna on southern rim, Gold was from West Africa	58
7798417664	Sahel	Grassland area that became a trade point because it was suitable for the camels	59
7798427178	Sudanic State Converts	Princes or merchants, used to reinforce kingship	60
7798434204	Griots	Oral historians, keepers of tradition, kings advisers	61
7798448499	Clan System	16 free clans with weapons, 5 religion clans, 4 specialist clans	62
7798460981	Polygamy	Popular for farmers because it allowed more sons to help (little technology)	63
7798472175	Islam and Pagan	Would be mixed in the Songhay Empire and in Northern Nigeria	64
7798479424	Islam Facilitated Trade	Created a unity that made quality and safety insured	65
7798490117	Slavery (Africa)	Wasn't used much until Muslims started using it more and eventually spread it	66
7798504676	African Exports (Swahili Coast)	Iron, Ivory, Gold, and exotic animals	67
7798508604	African Imports	Persian silk and Chinese pottery	68
7798517272	Swahili Language	Mainly Bantu and later Arabic words, some could write in Arabic, higher classes could speak Arabic	69
7798545194	Zimbabwe	Stone house built for royalty	70
7798596794	Byzantine Empire	Direct continuation of Roman Empire, eastern side, lasted for 1000 years	71
7798607166	Byzantine Capital	Constantinople, Orthodox Christian churches radiated from there	72
7798623752	Differences Between West and East	Different branches of Christianity, no commerce communication, East was more politically sophisticated and had more cultural range and a better economy	73
7798641909	Official Language of Byzantine	Greek, allowed them to read old texts (impact of Hellenistic Period)	74
7798651459	Justinian	Wanted to expand and remake the Roman Empire, he was well known for rebuilding Constantinople and going through legal codes, as well as the Hagia Sophia	75
7798664879	Arab Invasions of Byzantine	Took half the land, would repeatedly take the capital	76
7798675760	Emperor's Role	Picked by divine, ruled both state and church, passed religious and normal laws, state over church was important to orthodox Christians	77
7798690864	Byzantine Bureaucratic System	Large and effective, could come from any social class just had to be educated	78
7798704469	Luxury Goods of Byzantine	Cloths, carpets, and spices	79
7798713946	Art Legacy Of Byzantine	Large and powerful mosaics as well as icon paintings	80
7798724318	The Great Schism	Split between Roman Catholic church and the Eastern Orthodox church in 1054	81
7798739499	Decline of Byzantine	Started after split, Constantinople fell in 1453 due to Muslim Turks	82
7798749119	Importance of Fall Of Byzantine	Extremely durable, anchored a corner even with spread of Islam, many commercial contacts and spread of Christianity	83
7798763570	Influx of Jews into East	Fleeing the Middle East and religious persecution, they would get agricultural and commerce jobs	84
7798771042	Kiev	Traders from Scandanavia	85
7798773240	Kievan Rus'	People trading between Middle East and Scandinavia	86
7798785982	Russian Orthodoxy	People were converting to Christianity, Vladimir 1 converted and made the decision that his people would too, would even force baptisms	87
7798800818	Russian Economy	Declined when Byzantine feel because they relied on them, Mongols took over and stopped almost all trade	88
7798806963	Russia	Eventually called Third Rome due to economy power and hope	89