AP World History #1 Flashcards
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| 7586655414 | civilization | societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups. | 0 | |
| 7586658229 | Mesopotamia | Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys | 1 | |
| 7586664965 | Sumerians | People who migrated into Mesopotamia C. 4000 B.C.E.; created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states. | 2 | |
| 7586676151 | cuneiform | a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets | 3 | |
| 7586792722 | ziggurats | Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamia temple complexes | 4 | |
| 7586797646 | city-state | a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamia civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king | 5 | |
| 7586799779 | Babylonians | Unified all of Mesopotamia C. 1800 B.C.E; empire collapsed due foreign invasion C. 1600 B.C.E. | 6 | |
| 7586808790 | Hammurabi | The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law. | 7 | |
| 7586891433 | pharaoh | title of kings of ancient Egypt | 8 | |
| 7586896616 | pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs | 9 | |
| 7586927671 | Kush | an African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile C. 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries. | 10 | |
| 7586980946 | Indus River | River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappa civilization | 11 | |
| 7586983092 | Harappa | along with Mohenjo-Daro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern. | 12 | |
| 7586992023 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; militarized society | 13 | |
| 7586992024 | Vedas | Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E. | 14 | |
| 7587163101 | Mahabharata | India epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries B.C.E; previously handed down in oral form | 15 | |
| 7587171291 | Ramayana | one of the great epic tales from classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife, Sita; written 4th to 2nd centuries B.C.E | 16 | |
| 7587178024 | Upanishads | Later books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority. | 17 | |
| 7587182260 | Yellow River | also known as the Huanghe, site of development of sedentary agriculture in china. | 18 | |
| 7587191274 | ideographs | pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing | 19 | |
| 7587207420 | Shang | First Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1046 B.C.E | 20 | |
| 7587486465 | Olmecs | People of a cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico c. 1200 B.C.E; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems | 21 | |
| 7587550186 | Chavin de Huantar | Chavin culture appeared in highlands of Andes between 1800 and 1200 BCE typified by ceremonial centers with large stone buildings; greatest ceremonial center was Chavin de Huantar; characterized by artistic motifs. | 22 | |
| 7587614505 | monotheism | 23 |