AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

7238374024	Agriculture	The practice of raising crops or livestock on a continual and controlled basis.	0
7238374025	Artisan	A skilled craftsperson.	1
7238374026	Domestication	The taming of animals and plants for human use, such as for labor or food.	2
7238374027	Eurasia	The large landmass that includes both Europe and Asia.	3
7238374028	Animism	The belief that animals, Rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits.	4
7238374029	Hunter-foragers	People who survived by hunting animals and foraging for seeds, nuts, fruits, and edible roots.	5
7238374030	Irrigation	A way of supplying water to an area of land, the people would use water from the rivers to irrigate their crops.	6
7238374031	Metallurgy	The science of the study of metals.	7
7238374032	Migration	A movement from one country or region to another.	8
7238374033	Monotheism	The belief in one God.	9
7238374034	Paleolithic Period	Old Stone Age, where humanos used stone tools and weapons.	10
7238374035	Specialization of labor	The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work.	11
7238374036	Surplus	Having more resources than needed for themselves.	12
7238374037	Textile	Items made of cloth, would be weaved by women and then decorated, usually all at home.	13
7238374038	Urbanization	An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.	14
7238374039	Overgrazing	The continual eating of grasses or their roots, without allowing them to regrow.	15
7238374040	Overfarming	Land loosing its fertility unless it is left fallow or it was fertilized usually by spreading of animal manure.	16
7238374041	Artifacts	Objects made and used by early humans, usually dug up by archaeologists.	17
7238374042	Homo Sapiens Sapiens	Also known as "early modern humans" who became the only hominids on earth- us.	18
7238374043	Neolithic Revolution	The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle.	19
7238374044	Bronze Age	The period in ancient human culture when people began to make and use bronze.	20
7238374045	Civilization	The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.	21
7238374046	Jericho	One of the oldest first human cities that was built on the West Bank of the Jordan river.	22
7238374047	Catal Huyuk	Ancient city in present dat Turkey that was founded in 7500 B.C.E. along a river that has since dried up.	23
7238374048	Nomadic Pastoralism	People moving herds of animals from pasture to pasture.	24
7238374049	Kinship Group	Several related families that moved together in search of food.	25
7238374050	Clan	Group of families with a common ancestor.	26
7238374051	Tribe	A group of people who share a common ancestry, language, name, and way of living.	27
7238374052	Patriarchal	Relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority.	28
7238374053	Merchants	People who buy and sell goods also known as traders.	29
7238374054	Social Stratification	The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy. Some people accumulated wealth in the form of jewelry and others coveted items by building larger and better decorated houses.	30
7238374055	Priests and Priestesses	People who performed religious ceremonies.	31
7238374056	Tigris and Euphrates Rivers	Flow south from modern day Turkey through what is now Iraq to empty into the Persian Gulf.	32
7238374057	Mesopotamia	Land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers where many ancient civilizations arose from.	33
7238374058	Fertile Crescent	An arc of fertile land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf .	34
7238374059	Sumerians	Group of nomadic pastoralists that migrated into Mesopotamia and created a civilization of Sumer that provided the core and the foundation of several other civilizations.	35
7238374060	Ziggurats	Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.	36
7238374061	Desertification	The spread of desert like conditions.	37
7238374062	Indus River Valley	Developed near water and became the core and foundation of later civilizations in the region.	38
7238374063	Environmental Degradation	Caused the gradual decline and eventual disappearance of the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations by soil eroding.	39
7238374064	Deforestation	The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.	40
7238374066	Mesoamerica	An area of ancient civilization in what is now Central America.	41
7238374067	Glyphs	The first writing system in the Americas that used pictures and symbols of real ojects.	42
7238374068	Barter	Trading system in which people exchange goods directly without using money.	43
7238374069	Polytheistic	Belief in many gods.	44
7238374070	Ziggurats	Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.	45
7238374071	Astronomy	The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.	46
7238374072	Astrology	Theory of the influence of planets and stars on human events.	47
7238374073	Abraham	Founder of Judaism.	48
7238374074	Moses	Led the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt; received the 10 commandments.	49
7238374075	Ten Commandments	Laws given by God to Moses that tell Jews how to behave in their daily lives.	50
7238374076	Jewish Diaspora	The scattering of the Jewish people outside their homeland beginning about 586 B.C.E.	51
7238374078	Mummification	Involved removing the body's internal organs, drying the body with salts, and packing its insides and wrapping it with chemically treated cloth.	52
7238374079	Hieroglyphics	Egyptian writing that involved using pictures to represent words.	53
7238374080	Papyrus	A type of plant that grew along the Nile River, used its fibers to create a type of paper.	54
7238374081	Vedas	A collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs.	55
7238374082	Vedic Age	Aryans growing awareness of Dravidian beliefs.	56
7238374083	Brahma	Overarching, universal soul that connects all creatures on Earth.	57
7238374084	Dharma	In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties.	58
7238374085	Karma	The effects that good or bad actions have on a person's soul.	59
7238374087	Ancestor Veneration	The believe of making offerings to their ancestors in hope to win their favor.	60
7238374089	Mandate of Heaven	A just rulers power was bestowed by the gods.	61
7238374090	Upanishads	A foundational text for the set of religious beliefs that later became known as Hinduism.	62
7238374091	Pictographs	A graphic symbol that represents an idea, concept, or object, rather than representing a single sound, as letter systems do.	63
7238374092	Shamans	People who believed to have special abilities to cure the sick and influence the future.	64
7238374093	Core and Foundational civilizations	Civilizations that developed ways of life, such as language, religious beliefs, and economic practices, that would heavily influence successor civilizations in their regions.	65
7238374094	City-State	Typically covered several hundred square miles and were independent each with its own government.	66
7238374095	Kings	Sumerian military leaders became more important than priests and ruled over a territory known as a kingdom.	67
7238374096	Cuneiform	Sumerians created it to keep records which consisted of marks carved onto wet clay tablets.	68
7238374097	Scribes	Individuals who were charged first with record-keeping and later with the writing of history and myths.	69
7238374098	The Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, is among the earliest surviving works of literature.	70
7238374099	Empire	Large territory that included diverse cultural groups.	71
7238374100	Babylonians	Persians who took control of Mesopotamia and built a new capital city called Babylon.	72
7238374101	Hammurabi	Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC), and created a set of laws called the Code of Hammurabi.	73
7238374102	Code of Hammurabi	Law code introduced when Hammurabi of Babylon took over Sumer in 1760 BC, that dealt with topics such as property rights, wages, contracts, marriage, and various crimes.	74
7238374103	Phoenicians	Most powerful traders along the Mediterranean, that occupied parts of present day Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan around 3000 B.C.E.	75
7238374105	Alphabetic script	A system of symbols (letters) that represent the sounds of speech, as an alternative to cuneiform around 1000 B.C.E.	76
7238374107	Nile River	The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around.	77
7238374108	King Menes	United Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom and created the first royal dynasty.	78
7238374109	Old Kingdom	A period in Egyptian history that lasted from about 2700 BC to 2200 BC.	79
7238374110	Middle Kingdom	A period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC.	80
7238374111	New Kingdom	The period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory.	81
7238374112	Pharaoh	A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader.	82
7238374113	Theocrats	Rulers holding both religious and political power.	83
7238374116	Ramses the Great	Took the throne around 1290 B.C.E. who expanded the empire into Southwest Asia and built more temples and erected more statues than any other pharaoh.	84
7238374117	Hittites	Had military advantage over the Egyptians because they were beginning to use iron tools and weapons.	85
7238374118	Book of the Dead	Scrolls that served as a guide for the afterlife in ancient Egypt.	86
7238374120	Xia Dynasty	Lasted for about 400 years, little is known because early Chinese had no writing system.	87
7238374121	Shang Dynasty	Ruled for 600 years, conquered neighboring peoples and established an empire, wielded tremendous economic and religious power.	88
7238374122	Zhou Dynasty	The longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced.	89
7238374123	Feudalism	The network of regional rulers with relationships based on mutual defense agreements.	90
7238374124	Maize	One of the first important plants to be grown by the indigenous Americans.	91
7238374125	Chavin Civilization	Existed from around 1000 to 200 B.C.E, and centered at Chavin de Huantar.	92
7238374126	Olmec	The foundation or core of Mesoamerica advanced civilizations.	93
7238374127	Aboriginals	People in Australia who remained hunter-foragers.	94
7238374128	Easter Island	Divided into clans, with a chief for each clan and one chief over all clans.	95