Ap World History Semester 2 Ch. 26 Vocab Flashcards

3825235835	Selim III	Sultan who ruled Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807; aimed at improving administrative efficiency and building a new army and navy; toppled by Janissaries in 1807.	0
3825242911	Mahmud II	Ottoman sultan; built a private, professional army; fomented revolution of Janissaries and their religious allies; initiated reform of Ottoman Empire on Western precedents.	1
3825244175	Tanzimat Reforms	Series of reforms in Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style university, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876.	2
3825260976	Young Turks	Determined to restore the 1876 constitution and resume far-reaching reforms within the empire.	3
3825244176	Mamluks	Muslim Slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance.	4
3825246554	Muhammad Ali	Won power struggle in Egypt following fall of Mamluks; established mastery of all Egypt by 1811; introduced effective army based on Western tactics and supply and a variety of other reforms; by 1830s was able was to challenge Ottoman government in Constantinople; died in 1848.	5
3825246555	Suez Canal	Built across Isthmus of Suez to connect Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea in 1869; financed by European investors; with increasing indebtedness of khedives, permitted intervention of British into Egyptian politics to protect their investment.	6
3825249146	Nurhaci	Architect of Manchu unity; created distinctive Manchu banner armies; controlled most of Manchuria; adopted Chinese bureaucracy and court ceremonies in Manchuria; entered China and successfully captured Ming capital at Beijing.	7
3825249147	Kangxi	Confucian scholar and Manchu emperor of Qing dynasty from 1661 to 1772; established high degree of Sinification among the Manchus.	8
3825250776	Opium War	Fought between the British and Qing China beginning in 1838; fought to protect British trade in opium; resulted in resounding British victory, opening of Hong Kong as British point of trade.	9
3825250777	Taiping Rebellion	Broke out in south China in the 1850s and early 1860s; led by Hong Xiuquan, a semi-Christianized prophet; sought to overthrow Qing dynasty and Confucian basis of scholar-gentry.	10
3825253050	Cixi	The ultraconservative dowager empress Cixi became the power behind the throne. In 1898, she and her faction crushed the most serious move toward reform.	11
3825253051	Boxer Rebellion	Popular outburst in 1898 aimed at expelling foreigners from China; failed because of intervention of armies of Western powers in China; defeat of Chinese enhanced control by Europeans and the power of provincial officials.	12
3825259082	Puyi	Last emperor of China; deposed as emperor while still a small boy in 1912.	13