AP World - Chp 4 Flashcards

7504362606	Aryans	nomads from Europe and Asia, these immigrants arrived at the Ganges river valley by the year 1000 BC, migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system	0
7504382744	assimilation	Ethnic groups lost their distinctive culture through the domination of newly expanding empires. Assimilation is the adopting the traits of another culture. Often happens over time when one immigrates into a new country.	1
7504420286	Brahman	The term for The Universal Soul in Hinduism.	2
7504426318	Brahmins	The priest varna of the caste system.	3
7504431445	caste system	a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society	4
7504518412	cotton	The plant that produces fibers from which many textiles are woven. Native to India, it spread throughout Asia and then to the New World. It has been a major cash crop in various places, including early Islamic Iran, Yi Korea, Egypt	5
7504530819	deforestation	The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.	6
7504555114	dharma	the fulfillment of one's social and religious duties. the basic doctrine shared by Buddhists of all sects	7
7504560230	diffusion	The spread of ideas, objects, or traits from one culture to another	8
7504567659	Harappa	Site of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation, and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials.	9
7504575182	Harappans	The first river valley civilization of India on the Indus River. They mysteriously disappeared.	10
7504586523	Himalayas	These mountains separate India from China and are the tallest in the world.	11
7504604780	Indus River	The civilization from this river's valley (3500 BC to 2500 BC) had two thriving cities which were Mohenjodaro and Harappans	12
7504654768	Janapadas	Political units in India in the years 700-600 BC. They are the major realms or kingdoms of Vedic (Iron Age) India. They are the earliest kingdoms set up by the Indo-Aryan migrants to India.	13
7504661576	Jati	A sub-varna in the caste system that gave people of sense of community because they usually consisted of people working in the same occupation.	14
7504677439	Karma	In Indian tradition, the residue of deeds performed in past and present lives that adheres to a 'spirit' and determines what form it will assume in its next life cycle. Put another way, the belief that actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life. Used in India to make people happy with their lot in life.	15
7504703922	Kshatriya	The Hindu warrior & administrator caste.	16
7504726549	Mohenjo-Daro	Largest city of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale implies central planning.	17
7505061331	Moksha	Becoming liberated from the endless cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism.	18
7505071679	Reincarnation	Hindu and Buddhist belief that souls are reborn into new bodies over and over.	19
7505078184	Rig Veda	One of the worlds oldest religious texts. It is a book composed by Vedic Brahman priests that contains hymns and Sanskrit poetry	20
7505089073	Sanskrit	an Indo-European, Indic language, in use since c1200 b.c. as the religious and classical literary language of India.	21
7505109651	Sati	The Indian custom of a widow voluntarily throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband.	22
7505115854	Shudras	The landless peasants and serfs of the caste system.	23
7505122044	Upanishads	A major book in Hinduism that is often in the form of dialogues that explored the Vedas and the religious issues that they raised.	24
7505127529	Vaishyas	The artisan and merchant varna of the caste system.	25
7505134265	Varna	The four major social divisions in India's caste system: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class.	26
7505149781	Vedas	Collections of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the various gods of the Aryans. Early Indian sacred 'knowledge'-the literal meaning of the term-long preserved and communicated orally by Brahmin priests and eventually written down.	27
7505176273	Vedic Age	A period in the history of India; It was a period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth.	28