AP Language and Composition Flashcards

7310225136	Allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning.	0
7310234141	Alliteration	The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words.	1
7310435877	Allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art	2
7310448155	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either international or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	3
7310453991	Anadiplosis	The repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause.	4
7310462944	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.	5
7310468439	Anaphora	One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences.	6
7310476359	Anecdote	A short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event.	7
7310481851	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	8
7310537956	Aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle.	9
7310541558	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.	10
7310548255	Atmosphere	The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described.	11
7310567496	Clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.	12
7310572156	Colloquial/colloquialism	The use of slang or in formalities in speech or writing.	13
7310577600	Coherence	A principle demanding that the parts of any composition be arranged so that the meaning of the whole may be immediately clear and intelligible.	14
7310584172	Conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.	15
7310624307	Connotation	The nonliteral, associative meaning of a word;the implied, suggested meaning	16
7310628900	Denotation	The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color.	17
7310658949	Diction	Related to style, diction, refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.	18
7310667227	Didactic	From the Greek, didactic literally means "teaching".	19
7310669812	Epistrophe	The opposite of anaphors, repetition at the end of successive clauses.	20
7310680338	Euphemism	From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept.	21
7310693090	Exposition	In essays, one of the chief types of compositions, the other being argumentation, description and narration.	22
7310699675	Extended Metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.	23
7310703231	Figurative Language	Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.	24
7310949619	Generic Conventions	The term describes traditions for each genre.	25
7310952137	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits.	26
7310954904	Homily	This terms literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	27
7310971260	Hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.	28
7310973944	Imagery	The sensor details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.	29
7310984288	Inference/infer	To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.	30
7310987732	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	31
7311002040	Irony/Ironic	The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant.	32
7311006476	Loose Sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.	33
7311759026	Metaphor	A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity.	34
7311768269	Metonymy	A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substitued for that of another closely associated with it.	35
7311788928	Mood	This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing.	36
7311796771	Narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.	37
7311801488	Onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.	38
7311810868	Oxymoron	From the Greek for the "pointedly foolish," an oxymoron is a figure of speech where in the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox.	39
7319476479	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.	40
7319486816	Parallelism	Also referred to as parallel construction or parallel structure, this term comes from Greek roots meaning "beside one another."	41
7319496951	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	42
7319507830	Pedantic	AN adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.	43
7319513115	Periodic Sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.	44
7319518554	Personification	A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.	45
7319532943	Point of View	In literature, the perspective from which a story is told.	46
7319537312	Predicate Adjective	One type of subject complement--an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb.	47
7319563008	Predicate Nominative	A second type of subject complement--a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject.	48
7319574452	Prose	One of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms.	49
7319581772	Repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.	50
7319593864	Rhetor	The speaker who uses elements of rhetoric effectively in oral or written test.	51
7319605014	Rhetoric	From the Greek for "orator" this term describes the principle governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.	52
7319618293	Rhetorical Modes	This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.	53
7319650574	Sarcasm	From the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," sarcasm involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule.	54
7319658713	Satire `	A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule.	55
7319667159	Semantics	The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relations to one another.	56
7319695861	Style	The consideration of style has two purposes: (1) and evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. (2) Classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors.	57
7319714452	Subject complement	The word(with any accompany phrases) or clauses that follows a linking verb and complements, or complements, the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it or (2) describing it.	58
7319752089	Subordinate Clause	Like all clauses, this word group contains both a subject and a verb (plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers), but unlike the independent clause, the subordinate clause cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought.	59
7319774234	Syllogism	From the Greek for "reckoning together," a syllogism (or syllogistic reasoning or syllogistic logic) is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first one called "major" and the second "minor") that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.	60
7319800234	Symbol/symbolism	Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else.	61
7319809462	Syntax	The way an author chooses to join into phrases, clauses, and sentences.	62
7319813210	Theme	The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life.	63
7319817346	Thesis	In expository writing, the thesis statement is the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position.	64
7319828572	Tone	Similar to mood, tone describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both.	65
7319836686	Transition	A word or phrase that links different ideas.	66
7319840442	Trope	An artful variation from expected modes of expression of thoughts and ideas, a figure of speech involving a "turn" or change of sense- a use of the word in a sense other than its proper or literal one.	67
7319855124	Understatement	The ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is.	68
7319862494	Undertone	An attitude that may lie under the ostensible tone of the piece.	69
7319869310	Unreliable Narrator	An untrustworthy or naive commentator on events and characters in a story.	70
7319876676	Wit	In modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights.	71
7319883374	Zeugma	A trope, one word(usually a noun or main verb) governs two other words not related in meaning.	72