ap world history 4 Flashcards

5400063675	albert einstein	Formulated mathematical theories to explain the behavior of planeary motion and the movement of electrical particles; in about 1900 issued theory of relativity	0
5400066119	triple entente	Agreement among Britain, Russia, and France in 1907; part of the European balance of power system before World War I	1
5400068076	industrial revolution	series of changes in economy of Western nations between 174 and 20th century; stimulated by rapid population growth, increase in agricultural productivity, commercial revolution in 17th century, and development of new means of transportation; in essence involved technological change and the application of machines to the process of production	2
5400069861	karl marx	German socialist who saw history as a class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production ; preached the inevibility of social revolution and the creation of proletarian dictatorship	3
5400076123	mass leisure culture	An aspect of the later Industrial Revolution; decreased time at work and offered opportunities for new forms of leisure time, such as vacation time and team sports	4
5400080967	reform bill of 1832	British legislation that extended the vote to most male members of the middle class	5
5400080968	liberals	Political ideology that flourished in 19th-century western Europe; stressed limited government, representation of the people in government; urged importance of constitutional role and parliments	6
5400084413	otto von bismarck	Conservative prime minister of Prussia; architect of German unification under the Prussian king in 1871; used liberal reforms to maintain stability	7
5400087419	napoleon bonaparte	Army officer who rose in rank during the wars of the French Revolution; ended the democratic phase of the revolution; became emperor; deposed and exiled in 1815	8
5400089245	charles darwin	Biologist who developed the theory of evolution of species; argued that all living forms evolved through the successful ability to adapt in a struggle for survival	9
5400089246	romanticism	19th-century western European artistic and literary movement; held that emotion and impression, not reason, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature; sought to portray passions, not calm reflections	10
5400095097	triple alliance	Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th-century; part of the European balance of power system before World War I	11
5400096951	monroe doctrine	Declaration in 1823 establishing America as a completely independent country; they were supported by the British; European rules	12
5400098857	conservatives	Political viewpoint with orgins in western Europe during the 19th-century; opposed revolutionary goals; advocated restoration of monarchy and defense of the church	13
5400098858	declaration of independence	formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain.	14
5400101332	tennis court oath	vowing "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established." It was a pivotal event in the early days of the French Revolution.	15
5400101333	factory system	Intensification of all the processes of production at a single site during the Industrial Revolution; involved greater organization of labor and increased discipline	16
5400102808	chartist movement	Unsuccessful attempt by British artisans and workers to gain the vote during the 1840s	17
5400104659	french revolution	Overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy through a revolution beginning in 1789; created a republic and eventually ended with Napoleon's French empire; the source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe	18
5400104660	louis xvi	Bourbon ruler of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution	19
5400106692	imperialism	The policy of expanding national territory through colonization and conquest	20
5400110447	revolution of 1905	instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy.	21
5400110448	age of revolution	Period of political upheaval beginning roughly with the American Revolution in 1775 and continuing through the French Revolution of 1789 and other movements for change up to 1848	22
5400116708	population revolution	huge growth in population in Western Europe beginning about 1730; prelude to industrialization	23
5400119448	protoindustrialization	Preliminary shift away from an agricultural economy; workers became full or part time producers who worked at home in a capatilist system in which materials,work,orders,and sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to Industrial Revolution	24
5400121286	american revolution	Rebellion of the British-American Atlantic seaboard colonies; ended with the formation of the independent United States	25
5400121287	radicals	Followers of a 19th-century Western European political emphasis; advocated broader voting rights than liberals did; urged reforms favoring lower classes	26
5400125434	nationalism	European 19th-century viewpoint; often allied with other "-isms"; urged the importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on ethnic orgins	27
5400125435	greek revolution	Rebellion of Greeks againts the Ottoman Empire in 1820; a key step in the disintergration of the Turkish Balkan Empire	28
5400127687	reign of terror	a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed, in particular, the period during the French Revolution.	29
5400129464	robespierre	was a French lawyer and politician, and one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution, the defense of the Republic, and the Reign of Terror.	30
5400131482	feminist movement	Sought legal and economic gains for women, among them equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on the right to vote; won initial support from middle class women	31
5400133413	sigmund freud	Viennese physician who developed theories of the workings of the human subconscious; argued that behavior is determined by impulses	32
5400133414	james watt	Devised a steam engine in the 1770s that could be used for production in many industries; a key step in the Industrial Revolution	33
5400139660	declaration of the rights of man and the citizen	Adopted during the French Revolution; proclaimed equality of French citizens; became a source document for later liberal movements	34
5400142640	boer war	Fought between the British and Afrikaners; British victory and postwar policies left the African population of South Africa under Afrikaner control.	35
5400145966	captain james cook	Made voyages to Hawaii from 1777 to 1779 resulting in the opening of the islands to the west. Convinced Kamehameha to create a unified kingdom in the islands.	36
5400148181	contested settler colonies	Combination of Tropical Dependencies and White Dominions. Europeans settled permanently, and eventually clashed with the Native people.	37
5400154754	cecil rhodes	British entrepreneur; went to South Africa and became involved with the gold and diamond trade. Started Boer War.	38
5400161808	ghost dance	was a religious ceremony introduced by the Paiute tribe in an area that is now present-day Nevada.	39
5400161809	boxer rebellion	Rebellion in 1899 in Beijing. Started by a secret society who opposed the "foreign devils". Ended by the British.	40
5400165923	white dominions	Majority of the population was European settlers. The Natives were reduced by war and diesease.	41
5400165924	james mill	was a British historian, economist, political theorist, and philosopher.	42
5400168369	utilitarians	social and political theory about how people should be treated and what the government show do.	43
5400168370	sepoys	Troops that served the British East India Company; recruited from the Indians.	44
5400172836	british raj	Rule over much of Southeast Asia from 1765 to 1947 by the British East India company and then British governement.	45
5400175417	methodism	Strict self discipline & methodical approach to religious study. Emphasized life of abstinence, thrift, hard work.	46
5400175418	battle of plassey	was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757.	47
5400178114	robert clive	Architect of British victory at Plassey; established foundations of British raj in northern India (18th century)	48
5400179600	lord charles cornwallis	Reformer of the East India Company administration of India in the 1790's; reduced power of local British administrators; checked widespread corruption.	49