AP Language Terms Flashcards

4968811107	invention/prewriting	stage of writing where you discover what interests you about your subject and consider what ideas to develop in your essay	0
4968814160	purpose	a writer's reason for writing	1
4968814161	expressive writing	convey personal feelings or impressions to readers	2
4968814162	informative writing	inform readers about something	3
4968814794	persuasive writing	try to convince readers to act or think in a certain way	4
4968814795	audience	the people "listening" to a writer's words	5
4968815618	occasion	the situation that leads someone to write about a topic	6
4968817847	general subject	a topic that needs to be narrowed	7
4968817848	specific topic	a topic that fits the purpose and length of an essay	8
4968818673	questions for probing	asking questions about a topic to move from a general subject to a specific topic	9
4968910289	freewriting	write for a fixed period of time without stopping and without paying attention to spelling, grammar, or punctuation	10
4968820112	focused freewriting/looping	writing for a fixed period of time without stopping on a specific topic	11
4968820113	brainstorming	a way of discovering ideas about a topic	12
4968820919	journal writing	a method of invention that involves recording ideas that emerge from reading or other experiences and then exploring them in writing	13
4968820920	clustering	a way of visually arranging ideas so that you can tell at a glance where ideas belong and whether or not you need more information	14
4968821618	informal outline	does not include all major divisions and subdivisions of an essay, simply suggests the shape of an emerging essay	15
4968821619	thesis	the main idea of an essay, its central point	16
4968821620	introduction	an essay's opening	17
4968821642	body paragraphs	the paragraphs that develop and support an essay's thesis	18
4968822402	conclusion	the group of sentences or paragraphs that brings an essay to a close	19
4968824096	implied thesis	conveys an essay's purpose but does not do so explicitly	20
4968825471	narration	tells a story by presenting events in an orderly, logical sequence	21
4968825472	chronological order	the time sequence of events	22
4968826328	flashbacks	shifts into the past	23
4968826329	verb tense	indicate time	24
4968827339	transitions	words or expressions that link ideas in a piece of writing	25
4968828110	cliche	an overused expression	26
4968829136	description	presents a word picture of a thing, a person, a situation, or a series of events	27
4968829137	topic sentence	a sentence stating the main idea of a paragraph	28
4968829915	objective description	a detached, factual picture presented in a plain and direct manner	29
4968829916	visuals	diagrams, drawings, photographs, etc., that accompany an objective description	30
4968830700	subjective description	conveys the writer's personal response to a subject	31
4968830701	connotation	emotional associations with a word	32
4968830702	denotation	dictionary definition of a word	33
4968830703	figures of speech	striking phrases or vivid language that deliberately provokes the reader's imagination	34
4968831924	simile	uses "like" or "as" to compare two dissimilar things	35
4968831925	metaphor	compares two dissimilar things without using "like" or "as"	36
4968831926	personification	speaks of concepts or objects as if they had life or human characteristics	37
4968831927	allusion	a reference to a person, place, event, or quotation that the writer assumes readers will recognize	38
4968832921	dominant impression	the mood or quality emphasized in the piece of writing	39
4968835401	exemplification	to illustrate or explain a general point or an abstract concept	40
4968838941	in order of increasing complexity	beginning with the simplest and moving to the most difficult or complex	41
4968839988	in order of importance	beginning with those that are less significant and moving to those that are most significant or persuasive	42
4968847187	process	explains how to do something or how something occurs	43
4968850736	cause and effect	analyzes why something happens	44
4968852707	main cause	most important cause	45
4968852708	contributory cuase	less important cause	46
4968853515	immediate cause	an obvious reason for an event, situation, or phenomenon	47
4968855238	remote cause	a less obvious reason for an event, situation, or phenomenon	48
4968855239	post hoc reasoning	a logical fallacy that involves looking back at two events that occurred in chronological sequence and wrongly assuming that the first event caused the second	49
4968857890	comparison and contrast	shows how two or more things are similar and different	50
4968858605	analogy	explains one thing by comparing it to a second, more familiar thing	51
4968860146	basis for comparison	the two things being compared have enough in common to justify the comparison	52
4968862261	subject by subject comparison	write separately about each subject but discuss the same points for both subjects	53
4968863782	point by point comparison	make a point about one subject and then follow it with a comparable point about the other	54
4968864882	transitional paragraphs	connect one part of an essay to another	55
4968868062	transitional sentences	help readers move through the essay	56
4968869312	division	the process of breaking a whole into parts	57
4968870306	classification	the process of sorting individual items into categories	58
4968877084	principle of classification	the quality the items have in common	59
4968879442	definition	tells what a term means and how it differs from other terms in its class	60
4968880598	formal definitions	brief, succinct explanations of what words mean	61
4968882562	extended definitions	longer, more complex definition that explains what something or someone is, its essential nature	62
4968885247	slang	informal expressions whose meanings may vary from locale to locale or change as time passes	63
4968889795	synonyms	words with similar meanings	64
4968889796	negation	telling what something is not	65
4968890519	enumeration	listing the characteristics of something	66
4968891346	origin and development	the word's derivation, original meaning, and usages	67