AP Language Vocab Study Guide Flashcards

7122682181	Alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.	0
7122683604	Allusion	An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event.	1
7122683881	Analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.	2
7122684630	Anaphora	The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.	3
7122686211	Anecdote	A short account of an interesting event.	4
7122686598	Annotation	Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.	5
7122688760	Antecedent	The noun to which a later pronoun refers.	6
7122694610	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	7
7122695783	Antithesis	Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.	8
7122696414	Aphorism	A short, astute statement of a general truth.	9
7122697467	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	10
7122698770	Archaic diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	11
7122704066	Argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence.	12
7122705345	Aristotelian triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle).	13
7122705853	Assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.	14
7122706582	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	15
7122707053	Asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.	16
7122707617	Attitude	The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.	17
7122707618	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	18
7122708815	Authority	A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.	19
7122754231	Bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	20
7122754748	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	21
7122754805	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence.	22
7122757680	Close Reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	23
7122766150	Colloquialism:	An informal or conversational use of language.	24
7122768960	Common ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions.	25
7122772013	Complex sentence	A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	26
7122772417	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	27
7122772997	Connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation).	28
7122776474	Context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	29
7122777276	Coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but.	30
7122777975	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	31
7122780083	Cumulative sentence	An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail.	32
7122783642	Declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement.	33
7122784543	Deduction	Reasoning from general to specific.	34
7122784678	Denotation	The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.	35
7122785148	Diction	Word Choice	36
7122785932	Documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.	37
7122786879	Elegiac	Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.	38
7122787650	Epigram	A brief witty statement.	39
7122788223	Ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos).	40
7122788818	Figurative language	The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.	41
7122789310	Figure of speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.	42
7122789964	Hyperbole	Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.	43
7122792773	Imagery	Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).	44
7122793561	Imperative sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	45
7122794086	Induction	Reasoning from specific to general.	46
7122794592	Inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	47
7122795186	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.	48
7122795902	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.	49
7122796294	Logos	A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos) .	50
7122797324	Metaphor	A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.	51
7122798223	Metonymy	Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.	52
7122800099	Occasion	An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.	53
7122800965	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms.	54
7200945983	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.	55
7200946521	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	56
7200947311	Parody	A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.	57
7200948809	Pathos	A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	58
7200949965	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.	59
7200950738	Personification	Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.	60
7200951111	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.	61
7200951762	Polysyndeton	The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.	62
7200952127	Premise	major, minor two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded. Minor premise: All horses are mammals. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded	63
7200952841	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	64
7200955430	Purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	65
7200958821	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.	66
7200959390	Rhetoric	The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion."	67
7200959817	Rhetorical modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.	68
7200960226	Rhetorical question	A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.	69
7200961914	Rhetorical triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	70
7200962290	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.	71
7200962765	Scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.	72
7200965386	Sentence patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.	73
7200966250	Sentence variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.	74
7200967108	Simile	A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things.	75
7200967434	Simple sentence	A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause.	76
7200968636	Source	A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.	77
7200969089	Speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing.	78
7200969716	Straw man	A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position. Style: The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech. Subject: In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.	79
7200972506	Subordinate clause	Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.	80
7200973121	Subordination	The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.	81
7200973587	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor). Syntax: Sentence structure.	82
7200975323	Synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	83
7200977286	Thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	84
7200977974	Thesis statement	A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit.	85
7200978473	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	86
7200979064	Topic sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	87
7200979599	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	88
7200979901	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	89
7200980334	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	90
7200981147	Zeugma	A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence.	91