AP Human Geography: Language Flashcards
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| 5973307271 | standard language | a system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning | 0 | |
| 5973307272 | dialect | forms of a single language that vary | 1 | |
| 5973312306 | isogloss | the boundary lines between areas of different dialects | 2 | |
| 5973312307 | language family | set of languages with the same roots from the same language | 3 | |
| 5973314562 | Indo-European | a language family that 50% of the world speaks; consists of Romance, Germanic, Slavic, and other language groups | 4 | |
| 5973314563 | extinct languages | language that no longer has any native speakers | 5 | |
| 5973319340 | Renfrew hypothesis | hypothesis developed by British scholar Colin Renfrew wherein he proposed that three areas in and near the first agricultural hearth, the Fertile Crescent, gave rise to three language families: Europe's Indo-European languages (from Anatolia (present-day Turkey); North African and Arabian languages (from the western arc of the Fertile Crescent); and the languages in present-day Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India (from the eastern arc of the Fertile Crescent) | 6 | |
| 5973319341 | conquest theory | one major theory of how Proto-Indo-European diffused into Europe which holds that the early speakers of Proto-Indo-European spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues | 7 | |
| 5973323768 | dispersal hypothesis | hypothesis which holds that the Indo-European languages that arose from Proto-Indo-European were first carried eastward into Southwest Asia, next around the Caspian Sea, and then across the Russian-Ukrainian plains and on into the Balkans | 8 | |
| 5973323769 | Romance languages | languages derived from Latin; Spanish, French, Italian, Portugeuse, and Romanian | 9 | |
| 5973326970 | Germanic Languages | English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish, etc. | 10 | |
| 5973328663 | Slavic languages | Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian, etc. | 11 | |
| 5973328664 | lingua granca | most common language; currently English | 12 | |
| 5973328665 | pidgin | a language created by two seperate groups used specifically for trade and business | 13 | |
| 5973330465 | creole | a pidgin that had become a native language | 14 | |
| 5973333104 | monolingual state | countries in which only one language is spoken | 15 | |
| 5973333105 | multilingual state | countries in which more than one language is spoken | 16 | |
| 5973346909 | toponym | a place name | 17 |