AP World History: Foundations Vocab Terms Flashcards

4906828138	hominids	the earliest humanlike creatures that flourished 2-4 million years ago	0
4906828139	Paleolithic Age	2,500,000-10,000 BCE-"old stone" nomadic hunter gatherers, egalitarian genders	1
4906828140	Neolithic revolution	10,000 BCE- developed agriculture, domesticated animals	2
4906828141	civilization	A complex culture in which large numbers of people share a variety of common elements	3
4906828142	Mesolithic Age	10,000-7000 BCE the time when a transition from hunting and gathering to food producing occurred	4
4906828143	ziggurat	a building in Mesopotamia dedicated to the chief God or goddess of the city that are worshipped at the atop of a massive step tower	5
4906828144	theocracy	a city ruled over by a god where their power rested in the kings	6
4906828145	Polytheism	The belief of more than one god animating all universal aspects	7
4906828146	Divination	A way to discover the gods' intentions usually through sacrifices	8
4906828147	Cuneiform	wedge shaped imprints on a clay tablet used as a writing system in Mesopotamia developed by the Sumerians	9
4906828148	hieroglyphics	Egyptian sacred characters that used pictures that showed objects and value	10
4906828149	monotheism	the belief in one God which influenced Christianity and Islam	11
4906828150	satrapy	a Persian province	12
4906828151	satrap	a governor of a Persian province	13
4906828152	Zoroastrianism	a religion created in ancient Persia that was founded in the seventh century BCE that worships a supreme God, Ahuramazda,who was the good against the evil spirit Ahriman	14
4906828153	raja	a chieftain in Aryan civilization who is a representative of the gods who is apart of the Kshatriya or warrior class	15
4906828154	kshatriya	the warrior class in Aryan society's caste system	16
4906828155	Maharajas	are Aryan chieftains that transformed into kings	17
4906828156	dharma	a set of laws that set behavioral standards for all individuals and classes in Indian society	18
4906828157	varna	the word for caste in Indian society	19
4906828158	brahmins	priests in the Indian caste system	20
4906828159	Brahman	the supreme God in the Hindu religion	21
4906828160	vaisya	the third caste in Indian society where commoners were placed	22
4906828161	twice born	males in upper class who go into an initiation at puberty	23
4906828162	Sudras	Fourth caste in the Indian social system which contained people who are not completely Aryan citizens and have limited rights	24
4906828163	Pariahs	the fifth caste in Indian society that contains the outcasts, untouchables, and slaves	25
4906828164	Jati	A kinship group that is a system of extended families that originated in ancient India that is the basic social organization in Indian society	26
4906828165	guru	an Indian teacher of the Vedas	27
4906828166	Hinduism	A religion derived from the cultural mix of the Aryan and Dravidian civilizations that teaches the Vedas, asceticism, reincarnation, karma, and a caste system	28
4906828167	reincarnation	the concept that an individual soul will be reborn in a different form after death until the soul reaches Brahman	29
4906828168	karma	the concept that one's rebirth in a next life is determined by one's actions in this life	30
4906828169	Nirvana	A metaphysical reality that people strive for where their souls reunite with the Great World Soul	31
4906828170	Buddhism	a religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama in Ancient India that reinforces egalitarian methods that allow anyone to achieve peace and reach Nirvana	32
4906828171	bodhi	Wisdom that achieves a complete awareness of the true nature of the universe	33
4906828172	the Middle Path	a way to end suffering through ending desire by following the eightfold path which teaches the right knowledge, purpose, speech, conduct, occupation, effort, awareness, and meditation	34
4906828173	Jainism	A religion influenced by Buddhism that was created by Mahavira that taught extreme simplicity and believed in not having material possessions	35
4906828174	stupa	Stone towers that housed the relics of the Buddha	36
4906828175	Sanskrit	The language of the Vedas that derived from an Indo European family language	37
4906828176	Prakrit	A simpler tongue than Sanskrit hat replaced the language of Northern India	38
4906828177	Yangshao	A Neolithic society along the Yellow River that was identified through beautiful painted pottery	39
4906828178	Longshan	A Neolithic society along the Yellow River that was identified through black pottery	40
4906828179	veneration of ancestors	Burning replicas of physical objects for the departed to have	41
4906828180	Mandate of Heaven	Justified rule of kings that remained order as representers of heaven	42
4906828181	the well field system	peasants worked for landlords and in return received land to cultivate for their own use	43
4906828182	Confucianism	a philosophy created by Confucius that believed you should revere gods at a distance, that kingship should be determined through merit, and your duty was to your family	44
4906828183	Daoism	a philosophy founded by Lao Tzu that believed in interpreting the meaning of heaven through inaction	45
4906828184	eunuchs	A castrated male class who served the royal family as personal attendants	46
4906828185	filial piety	All members of the family should subordinate their own personal needs to the the head of the family	47
4906828186	five relationships	son was subordinate to father, wife to husband, younger brother to older brother, friend to friend, and all subject to king, a hierarchical system where everyone had a place	48
4906828187	Bao-jia system	Organized groups of 5 to 10 families to exercise mutual control and surveillance	49
4906828188	hoplites	heavily armed infantry men in ancient Greece who wore bronze or leather helmets, breastplates, and greaves. Carried round shield, short sword, and a 9 foot log thrusting spear	50
4906828189	tyranny	rule by a person with absolute power who is not subject to the law	51
4907169272	Sophists	a group of philosophical teachers who rejected humans understanding the universe	52
4906828190	phalanx	a tight rectangular formation of soldiers that was the battle strategy of the ancient Greeks	53
4906828191	polis	a Greek city/state with an autonomous political unit	54
4906828192	tyrants	a Greek ruler who came to power in an unconstitutional manner that is not subject to the law	55
4906828193	helots	serfs from conquered civilizations that are unable to leave the land owned by their masters	56
4907169273	oligarchies	"Rule by the few" political power that rests in the aristocratic class	57
4907169274	rhetoric	the art of persuasive oratory	58
4907169275	The Socratic method	A question and answer technique that allows the student to see reason for themselves	59
4907169276	Epicureanism	A philosophy that taught happiness could be achieved in the pursuit of pleasure	60
4907169277	Stoicism	A philosophy that believed happiness could be found by living in harmony with divine will	61
4907169278	Consul	A Roman government position that administered government, led army to battle, and was annually chosen	62
4907169279	Mystery religions	Religions that involved initiation into secret rites that promise intense emotional involvement with spiritual forces and a greater chance of individual immortality	63
4907169280	Praetors	A Roman government position that was created in 366 BCE who is a chief executive officer of civil law, led army to battle, and judged cases	64
4907169281	Senate	A group of 300 Roman men who served for life and advised magistrates	65
4907169282	Centuriate assembly	A group of Roman people chosen based on wealth who elected the chief magistrate and passed laws	66
4907169283	Council of the plebs	A group of	67
4907169284	Patricians	A group of high class landowners who constituted the government class that could only be consuls, magistrates, or senators	68
4907169285	Plebians	A group of large, Roman landowners that are lower in class that did not have the right to become consuls, magistrates, or senators in government	69
4907169286	Tribunes of the plebs	A group of low class Roman landowners who protected each other against arrest from patricians in 471 BCE	70
4907169287	latifundia	Large land estates owned by the state that is run by slave labor	71
4907169288	dictator	The sole leader of a nation who has absolute power	72
4907169289	Praetorian guard	9000 men who guarded the Roman emperor	73
4907169290	Pax Romana	the period of stability and prosperity Roman rule brought	74
4907169291	good emperors	5 Roman emperors who ruled with prosperity and focused on public works	75
4907169292	Natural law	a set of universal laws based on reason	76
4907169293	Paterfamilias	the dominant Roman male in a family who held absolute power	77
4907169294	State Confucianism	the integration of Confucian doctrine with Legalist institutions that ruled the Han empire	78
4907169295	Civil service examination	A test given in the Han empire to determine who gains the tripartite government positions based on their merit	79
4907202950	pharaoh	an Egyptian King	80