AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards

7595556737	Ad Hominem Argument	Latin for "to or against the person," this fallacy involves switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker	0
7595556738	Ad Populum (bandwagon appeal)	This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do."	1
7595556739	Allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning	2
7595556740	Allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something that is commonly known. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, or mythical.	3
7595556744	Antithesis	A figure of speech that involves an opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction.	4
7595556745	Appeal to False Authority	This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise on a subject is cited as an authority.	5
7595556749	Attitude	A writer's position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing.	6
7595556751	Concession	An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.	7
7595556753	Context	The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.	8
7595556754	Counterargument	An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward	9
7595556758	Claim	Also called an assertion or a proposition, a claim states the argument's main idea or position. A claim differs from a topic or subject in that a claim has to be arguable.	10
7595556759	Claim of Fact	A claim of fact asserts that something is true or not true. Ex. Test scores accurately measure a student's success!	11
7595556760	Claim of Value	A claim of value argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong. Ex. Video games are corrupting today's youth.	12
7595556761	Claim of Policy	A claim of policy proposes a change. Ex. Legalize marijuana!	13
7595556762	Closed Thesis	A thesis that is a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews major points the writer intends to make.	14
7595556765	Denotation	The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word.	15
7595556766	Diction	related to style, refers to the writer's word choices. Examples include, formal or informal, ornate or plain.	16
7595556768	Ethos	A speaker's expertise, knowledge, experience, sincerity, and common purpose with the audience are examples of how a speaker demonstrates they are credible and trustworthy.	17
7595556770	Extended Metaphor	a metaphor developed at great length	18
7595556773	Imagery	the sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions	19
7595556774	Infer	to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. Inferences are not directly stated.	20
7595556776	Juxtaposition	placing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas closely together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast.	21
7595556777	Logical Fallacy	A mistake in verbal reasoning. The reasoning must be potentially deceptive.	22
7595556779	Mode of discourse: exposition	writing that intends to inform and demonstrate a point	23
7595556780	Mode of discourse: narration	writing that tells a story or relates a series of events	24
7595556781	Mode of discourse: description	writing that creates sensory images, often evoking a mood or atmosphere	25
7595556782	Mode of discourse: argumentation	writing that takes a stand on an issue and supports it with evidence and logical reasoning	26
7595556784	Parallelism/parallel construction/parallel structure	The grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs to give structural similarity	27
7595556786	Pathos	a speaker's intent to inspire an emotional reaction in an audience	28
7595556792	Rhetoric	Greek for "orator" describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively	29
7595556793	Logos	Employs logical reasoning, combining a clear idea with well-thought-out and appropriate examples and details	30
7595556794	Rhetorical appeals	The persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audience's attention and response to a given work.	31
7595556795	Oxymoron	a paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words	32
7595556796	Persona	The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience	33
7595556797	Polemic	An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others.	34
7595556799	Propaganda	The spread of ideas and information to further a cause	35
7595556800	Qualifier	Words used to temper a claim, making it less absolute Ex. usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, most likely	36
7595556802	Second-hand evidence	evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation	37
7595556807	Rhetorical Question	a question that is asked merely for effect and does not expect a reply	38
7595556808	Satire	A work that targets human vices and follies, or societal institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule	39
7595556810	Style	An evaluation of a sum of choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices.	40
7595556811	Syllogism	A deductive system of formal logic that presents to premises--the first one called major and the second minor--that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.	41
7595556812	Symbol	An object, action, character, scene, or idea that represents something more abstract.	42
7595556813	Syntax	the way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences	43
7595556815	Thesis	A statement that is the sentence or group of sentences that directly express the author's opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition.	44
7595556816	Tone	tone describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both.	45
7595556817	Mood	The dominant impression or emotional atmosphere evoked by a text. Ex. Mood is how "you" feel after reading a text.	46
7595556819	Rhetorical Strategies	A global term that refers to all the strategies an author can use. Ex. structure, purpose, style	47
7595556820	Begging the question	A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt.	48
7595556821	Either/Or (false dilemma)	In this fallacy, the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices.	49
7595556822	First-hand evidence	Evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience or observations.	50
7595556823	Hasty generalization	A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate information.	51
7595556824	Hortative Sentence	Sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action.	52
7595556825	Occasion	the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written	53
7595556826	Open thesis	A thesis that does not list all of the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.	54